US Foreign Policy to South America since 9/11: Neglect or Militarisation?
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-8529.2019430100006 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/211406 |
Resumo: | Academic literature on US Foreign Policy to South America usually states its lack of attention to the region in the post 9/11 period. I aim to problematize this assertion through an analysis of US regional security policy. Therefore, I consider data referring to military and economic assistance, arms transfers, and the SOUTHCOM position towards its area of responsibility, as well as official documents and diplomatic cables. I conclude that, although the region was not a priority, a waning in US actions or a moment of neglect in its policy towards it was likewise not observed. From a historical perspective, the area was never the main focus of attention, but there is a specialized bureaucracy that works on the region to maintain US hegemony. Therefore, the investigation indicates that Latin American assertiveness during the 2000s was caused primarily by the conjunction of the ascension of leftist governments and quest for autonomy, as well as by Chinese and Russian involvement in Latin America, but not by US neglect. The article is divided into six sections, including the introduction and final remarks. Following the introduction, I analyse the academic literature regarding USA-Latin American relations in the second section, the US assistance in the third, the SOUTHCOM postures in the fourth, and the strategies deployed by the USA regarding great powers and arms transfers in the fifth. Finally, I present the final remarks. |
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US Foreign Policy to South America since 9/11: Neglect or Militarisation?Política Externa dos EUA para a América do Sul desde o 11 de Setembro: Negligência ou Militarização?: USA-Latin Americamilitary to military relationsforeign policyinternational securityhegemonymilitarisation: Estados Unidos-América Latinarelações militares-militarespolítica externasegurança internacionalhegemoniamilitarizaçãoAcademic literature on US Foreign Policy to South America usually states its lack of attention to the region in the post 9/11 period. I aim to problematize this assertion through an analysis of US regional security policy. Therefore, I consider data referring to military and economic assistance, arms transfers, and the SOUTHCOM position towards its area of responsibility, as well as official documents and diplomatic cables. I conclude that, although the region was not a priority, a waning in US actions or a moment of neglect in its policy towards it was likewise not observed. From a historical perspective, the area was never the main focus of attention, but there is a specialized bureaucracy that works on the region to maintain US hegemony. Therefore, the investigation indicates that Latin American assertiveness during the 2000s was caused primarily by the conjunction of the ascension of leftist governments and quest for autonomy, as well as by Chinese and Russian involvement in Latin America, but not by US neglect. The article is divided into six sections, including the introduction and final remarks. Following the introduction, I analyse the academic literature regarding USA-Latin American relations in the second section, the US assistance in the third, the SOUTHCOM postures in the fourth, and the strategies deployed by the USA regarding great powers and arms transfers in the fifth. Finally, I present the final remarks.A literatura acadêmica sobre a política externa dos EUA para a América do Sul geralmente afirma uma falta de atenção para esta região no período pós-11 de setembro. Pretendo problematizar essa afirmação por meio de uma análise da política de segurança regional dos Estados Unidos. Considero os dados referentes à assistência militar e econômica, transferência de armas e a posição do SOUTHCOM em relação à sua área de responsabilidade, bem como documentos oficiais e cabos diplomáticos. Concluo que, embora a região não tenha sido uma prioridade, não houve um enfraquecimento das ações dos Estados Unidos ou um momento de abandono. Do ponto de vista histórico, a área nunca foi o foco principal das atenções, mas há uma burocracia especializada que trabalha para manter a hegemonia dos EUA. Portanto, a investigação indica que a assertividade latino-americana durante os anos 2000 foi causada principalmente pela conjunção da ascensão dos governos de esquerda e centro-esquerda e pela busca por autonomia e envolvimento chinês e russo na América Latina, não por negligência dos EUA. O artigo está dividido em seis seções, incluindo a introdução e as considerações finais. Após a introdução, a segunda seção é dedicada à análise da literatura acadêmica, a terceira ao estudo da assistência dos Estados Unidos, a quarta examina as posturas do SOUTHCOM e a quinta seção investiga as estratégias dos Estados Unidos em relação a grandes potências e transferências de armas. Finalmente, as considerações finais são apresentadas.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)San Tiago Dantas Graduate Program in International Relations (UNESP/UNICAMP/PUC-SP)San Tiago Dantas Graduate Program in International Relations (UNESP/UNICAMP/PUC-SP)FAPESP: 2017/00661-8; 2018/03231-7Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Relações InternacionaisUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)Milani, Livia Peres [UNESP]2021-07-14T10:23:55Z2021-07-14T10:23:55Z2021-01-15info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/article121-146application/pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-8529.2019430100006Contexto Internacional. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Relações Internacionais, v. 43, n. 1, p. 121-146, 2021.0102-85291982-0240http://hdl.handle.net/11449/21140610.1590/S0102-8529.2019430100006S0102-85292021000100121S0102-85292021000100121.pdfSciELOreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengContexto Internacionalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2023-10-24T06:06:15Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/211406Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462024-08-05T15:48:44.222439Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
US Foreign Policy to South America since 9/11: Neglect or Militarisation? Política Externa dos EUA para a América do Sul desde o 11 de Setembro: Negligência ou Militarização? |
title |
US Foreign Policy to South America since 9/11: Neglect or Militarisation? |
spellingShingle |
US Foreign Policy to South America since 9/11: Neglect or Militarisation? Milani, Livia Peres [UNESP] : USA-Latin America military to military relations foreign policy international security hegemony militarisation : Estados Unidos-América Latina relações militares-militares política externa segurança internacional hegemonia militarização |
title_short |
US Foreign Policy to South America since 9/11: Neglect or Militarisation? |
title_full |
US Foreign Policy to South America since 9/11: Neglect or Militarisation? |
title_fullStr |
US Foreign Policy to South America since 9/11: Neglect or Militarisation? |
title_full_unstemmed |
US Foreign Policy to South America since 9/11: Neglect or Militarisation? |
title_sort |
US Foreign Policy to South America since 9/11: Neglect or Militarisation? |
author |
Milani, Livia Peres [UNESP] |
author_facet |
Milani, Livia Peres [UNESP] |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Milani, Livia Peres [UNESP] |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
: USA-Latin America military to military relations foreign policy international security hegemony militarisation : Estados Unidos-América Latina relações militares-militares política externa segurança internacional hegemonia militarização |
topic |
: USA-Latin America military to military relations foreign policy international security hegemony militarisation : Estados Unidos-América Latina relações militares-militares política externa segurança internacional hegemonia militarização |
description |
Academic literature on US Foreign Policy to South America usually states its lack of attention to the region in the post 9/11 period. I aim to problematize this assertion through an analysis of US regional security policy. Therefore, I consider data referring to military and economic assistance, arms transfers, and the SOUTHCOM position towards its area of responsibility, as well as official documents and diplomatic cables. I conclude that, although the region was not a priority, a waning in US actions or a moment of neglect in its policy towards it was likewise not observed. From a historical perspective, the area was never the main focus of attention, but there is a specialized bureaucracy that works on the region to maintain US hegemony. Therefore, the investigation indicates that Latin American assertiveness during the 2000s was caused primarily by the conjunction of the ascension of leftist governments and quest for autonomy, as well as by Chinese and Russian involvement in Latin America, but not by US neglect. The article is divided into six sections, including the introduction and final remarks. Following the introduction, I analyse the academic literature regarding USA-Latin American relations in the second section, the US assistance in the third, the SOUTHCOM postures in the fourth, and the strategies deployed by the USA regarding great powers and arms transfers in the fifth. Finally, I present the final remarks. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-07-14T10:23:55Z 2021-07-14T10:23:55Z 2021-01-15 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-8529.2019430100006 Contexto Internacional. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Relações Internacionais, v. 43, n. 1, p. 121-146, 2021. 0102-8529 1982-0240 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/211406 10.1590/S0102-8529.2019430100006 S0102-85292021000100121 S0102-85292021000100121.pdf |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-8529.2019430100006 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/211406 |
identifier_str_mv |
Contexto Internacional. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Relações Internacionais, v. 43, n. 1, p. 121-146, 2021. 0102-8529 1982-0240 10.1590/S0102-8529.2019430100006 S0102-85292021000100121 S0102-85292021000100121.pdf |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Contexto Internacional |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
121-146 application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Relações Internacionais |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Relações Internacionais |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
SciELO reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
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1808128565363867648 |