Avaliação da teoria da mente implícita por meio de tarefas de crença falsa em crianças com transtorno do espectro autista e crianças típicas

• Autor(a) principal: Guedes, João Vitor Cardoso
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do Mackenzie
• Texto Completo: http://dspace.mackenzie.br/handle/10899/26490
• topic: teoria da mente implícita; crença falsa; rastreamento visual; transtorno do espectro autista; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA::PSICOLOGIA FISIOLOGICA::NEUROLOGIA, ELETROFISIOLOGIA E COMPORTAMENTO

The Theory of Mind (ToM) is the ability to assign a mental state to another person spontaneously, in other words, by making "inferences from the mental state". Recently, nonverbal false belief tasks through the visual tracking tool arises in order to investigate implicit ToM in young children and adults. Studies have shown that children under 3 years of age can anticipate other people's actions based on their attributed false beliefs. ASD is the focus about ToM studies, because they have deficits in social interaction and communication, being unable to carry out false belief tasks. The general objective of the study is to compare the ability of Theory of Implicit Mind in typical and ASD children through false belief tasks (FB); to evaluate the results of both groups in these tasks in the FB / true belief (TB) condition, and compare the performance of both groups in a naturalistic task with an abstract task. The final sample consisted of 4 to 5-year-old male children divided into control / neurotypical group (n = 8) and study group / children with ASD (n = 10). The tools and procedures for data collection were: Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC); Autism Scale Questionnaire (ASQ); Snijders-Oomen nonverbal intelligence test (SON-R 2 ½ - 7 [a]); PROTEA - R. Autism Spectrum Disorder Assessment System and clinical-medical evaluation. For ocular scan evaluation were used the portable equipment Tobii Pro X3 - 120 portable and the software Tobii Pro Lab Full Edition. Two implicit ToM tasks were chosen for FB evaluation. For the analysis of the results it was used the Differential Looking Score (DLS). The results were statistically significant in the familiarization steps (Trial 1 and Trial 2) with the control group when using the PROTEA-R classification to redistribute the groups. There was statistically significant difference only in the control group, both for trial 1 DLS and trial 2 in the first task (p = 0.042) and for trial1 DLS for trial2 in the second task (p = 0.033). There was also statistically significant difference for trial 2 DLS from the first task (p = 0.022), where the average is higher among typical (m = 0.725) than among those with ASD (m = 0.092); and for DLS of trial 1 in the second task (p = 0.047), with higher average among the typical ones (m = 0.570). In the comparison between DLS values for FB in both tasks, calculated from the total duration of fixation in the area of interest, no statistically significant difference was observed in either group. Comparing the averages of DLS of FB from the first and second task through the total fixation time between groups, no statistically significant difference was observed in either variable as well. The results indicate that neither group could anticipate the agents' action in both false belief tasks. These findings corroborate with more recent studies that show divergent results from the original studies, questioning whether the main paradigms of Theory of Implicit Mind can be replicated