Seguridad en la construcción : el trabajo en equipo bajo la perspectiva de la Ingeniería de Resilencia

• Autor(a) principal: Flores Peluffo, Patricia
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: spa
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/221603
• topic: Construção civil; Segurança do trabalho; Acidentes de trabalho : Prevenção e controle; Engenharia de resiliência; Safety; Construction; Teamwork; Cognitive systems; Resilience; Seguridad; Construcción; Trabajo en equipo; Sistemas cognitivos; Resilencia

Construction is one of the largest industries worldwide and also one of the most dangerous sectors, presenting a large amount of fatal accidents and high indices of work accidents. Although the relationship between teamwork and safety has been investigated in other industries, in construction this topic has been poorly explored. This research study investigates the existing relationships between the nature of teamwork and the incidence of accidents in construction sites. The general objective of this investigation is to identify the factors related to teamwork that can contribute to accident prevention in construction sites, based on a new theoretical perspective, called Resilience Engineering. In this approach, safety is conceptualized as an emergent property of each system, and construction projects are understood as complex and dynamic systems, in which human mistakes cannot be eliminated, but only managed adequately. Based on the assumption that the behavior of human beings is not rigid but flexible and adaptative, this study intends to understand how to reduce risks in dynamic and changeable environments, in which uncertainty cannot be removed, isolated or controlled completely. These dynamic and unpredictable tasks, combined with the high pressures relative to the productivity and speed, create a high probability of errors. The research method consisted of descriptive case studies, carried out a in petrochemical plant. The investigation was divided in two stages. The aim of Stage A was to do an overall characterization of the teams in terms of the incorporation of collective work, and to get a general description of activities carried out by them. In Stage B, an in-depth study was undertaken in two selected teams, with the aim of identifying the teamwork factors that had relationship with accident prevention. The main conclusions are related to the need to understand risk management in a broader sense. This vision drove the identification of teamwork factors that clearly influence the anticipation of accidents. The evidences found in the case studies were the basis to establish a set of guiding principles for teamwork in accident prevention, based on the assumption that workers should not individually make decisions when facing unforeseen situations. This study also pointed out the key role played by coordination, communication, leadership, social cohesion and situational awareness in safety management.