Avaliação de solos sob diferentes períodos de fertirrigação com vinhaça e alterações na qualidade do efluente.

• Autor(a) principal: BEBÉ, Felizarda Viana
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE
• Texto Completo: http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5579
• topic: Solo; Fertirrigação; Vinhaça; CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA

Sugarcane is one the most historically important crop to agribusiness in Brazil, with 4.5 millions hectares cultivated producing 26 millions tons of sugar and 15.2 billions liters of combustive alcohol in 2006. Brazil is the main exporter of sucrose sugar and alcohol in the world. On the other hand, alcohol production generates high volume of stillage with high level of organic mater and chemical elements. Among the chemical elements, potassium concentration is higher than calcium and magnesium making this residue ordinarily used as fertilizer. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate physic-chemical alterations in soils under different stillage fertirrigation periods and the leached quality of these soils. It was selected four areas: Area 1, being irrigated with stillage up to 5 years; Area 2, from 5 to 10 years; Area 3, more than 10 years; Area 4, without stillage application. In each area 20 points were demarcated, georeferenced, forming a 10 × 10.00m mesh, and soil samples collected at depths of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-40cm. After sampling, the soil was dried outdoors, disintegrated and passed through sieves for analysis of particles size: sand, silt, clay, and for the physic-chemicals: Ca, Mg, K, Na, pH (1:2.5 soil:water), and electric conductivity (EC) insaturated paste extract. For leached quality, soil samples of these areas were removed and filled out 16 PVC-columns (25 cm and 120 cm, diameter and height, respectively) with respective horizons and densities of the original soils. Soils inside the columns were saturated, and 7 days later, it was applied one water depth (L1) and collected the leached. Seven days after L1 application, it was applied stillage at rate equivalent to 300 m3 ha-1 (L2), and after 45 days of incubation a leaching depth was applied and collected all drained effluent for analysis of Ca, Mg, K, Na, pH, EC and total dissolved solids (TDS). For the field experiment, simple linear correlations between pair of data were measure by Pearson’s correlation coefficient. PVC-columns data were analyzed through repeated measure along the time for the variance, being used Tukey test for the averages comparison. The results pointed out correlation between depth and the other variables in all areas indicating stillage application alters chemical elements levels depending on soiland handling of each area. In addition, there was significant difference between water and stillage depths for all the variables evidencing increasing in chemical elements concentration, but with quite inferior values to the stillage applied.