Seleção de eventos transformados de algodão resistente a insetos por meios moleculares e de imunodetecção

• Autor(a) principal: SILVA, Carliane Rebeca Coelho da
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE
• Texto Completo: http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4692
• topic: Algodão; Resistência a inseto; Biotecnologia; Controle de praga; OUTROS::CIENCIAS

Various educational institutions and research throughout the world have devoted efforts in the discovery of new insecticidal proteins and their genes for the control of agricultural pests. Studies have shown the potential of some molecules in insect control as the Bacillus thuringiensis Bt toxins, protease inhibitors and alpha-amylase and lectins. Genes coding for these proteins have been stably integrated into the genome of transgenic plants giving them resistance to pests, such as cultures of tobacco, tomato, potato, corn and cotton with Bt resistance to lepidopteran which are widely marketed in various countries. Several studies have confirmed the economy and the ecological benefit of these cultivars in international agribusiness. In cotton field lepidopteran and coleoptera orders are the worldwide major economic problems. Embrapa develops research for the control of cotton pests in order to reduce production costs, of these, 20-30% are for pest control. Despite the important results obtained so far chemical control has still been the best answer although more costly in financial and more aggressive aspect in environmental aspect. The cry1Ia gene derived from Bacillus thuringiensis strain S1451 may be responsible for this type of control. Insecticidal activity of this gene was tested aiming at the analysis of the recombinant protein for the boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) and Spodoptera frugiperda caterpillar. Indicating that this gene is very promising for use in molecular area aimed at obtaining cultivate transgenic cotton resistant to these two important pests. In previous work this gene was inserted into three commercial cotton cultivars by microinjection technique via ovary drip. At that moment the cultivars received two different buildings, composed of a minimum linear cassette mlc (≈ 3 Kb) and a circular complete construction ccc (≈ 15 Kb), both containing the gene cry1Ia. The integration of the gene and protein expression was analyzed by PCR of genomic DNA, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, Southern blot and ELISA. Over 1,800 transgenes were tested and the full integration of (1 copy) gene was detected by Southern blot assay and found in only a single event called T0 34 which was derived from the cultivar BRS 293 in mlc treatment, suggesting a genotype-dependent trend. The expression of Cry1Ia protein in T0 34, estimated by ELISA was similar to the commercial event Bollgard (Monsanto, USA). The transmission of the transgene to T1 progeny was demonstrated by PCR analysis and no pleiotropic effects were observed in these plants were phenotypically normal, fertile flowers and with abundant production of seeds. In entomological aspect of military caterpillar larvae were used in feeding bioassays with leaves of T0 events resulting from BRS 293. These same plants were also analyzed for expression of Cry1Ia protein via ELISA. A total of 48 plants were only T0 34 selected in both tests, the mortality rate of 89% and a high concentration of the toxic protein in the leaves. Dried flower buds of this plant were provided to larvae of the boll weevil to study immunodetection via optical microscopy, using midgut tissues of the insect. It was found that this protein in flower buds specifically bound to the antibody used to demonstrate that this event is very promising for further studies of improvement of resistance to two important pest of the cotton crop.