Alterações metabólicas e histológicas em caprinos e ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo palma forrageira

• Autor(a) principal: SILVA, Tomás Guilherme Pereira da
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE
• Texto Completo: http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9140
• topic: Palma forrageira; Nutrição animal; Ovino; Caprino; Histopatologia; Bioquímica sanguínea; Função renal; CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA

The cactus cladodes are a relevant food resource for dry areas of the world. However, there is still a lack of further clarifications regarding the impact of the use of this cactus on the organism of small ruminants. Thus, aiming to investigate the effects of diets containing different varieties of cactus cladodes on the tissue morphology of the large intestine, blood biochemistry and urinary parameters of sheep, as well as the liver condition of goats, three experiments were carried out in the Animal Science Department of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco. In experiment I, forty male, noncastrated, crossbred Santa Inês lambs were used, averaging 21.0±2.0 kg body weight, which were slaughtered after 93 days of feedlot. Part of the elephantgrass hay and all the corn was replaced by Miúda cactus cladodes, IPA-Sertânia cactus cladodes or Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (O.E.M.) cactus cladodes. The large intestine of sheep fed with cactus cladodes, regardless of variety, showed a predominance of inflammatory infiltrates, this being a histopathological finding observed in the cecum of 100% of animals that received diets containing Miúda and O.E.M. cactus cladodes, as well as found in the colon of 71.43% of sheep. The inflammation in the cecum caused by Miúda and O.E.M. cactus cladodes was considered accentuated (P=0.009). Less voluntary water intake was observed for animals submitted to diets with cactus cladodes (P<0.001), with a decrease of up to 69.42% among diets with O.E.M. cactus cladodes and the control diet, as well as higher water content in the feces (P<0.001). The cactus cladodes causes lesions in the tissue morphology of the cecum and colon of sheep, without compromising productive performance. In experiment II, the Tifton-85 grass hay was partially replaced by Miúda cactus cladodes or O.E.M. cactus cladodes. Thirty-six Santa Inês male lambs, noncastrated, were used, approximately six months old. The diets containing Miúda cactus cladodes and O.E.M. cactus cladodes caused a reduction of 68.35 and 77.03% in voluntary water intake, respectively. The Miúda cactus cladodes caused an increase in the serum activity of the gamma glutamyltransferase enzyme (53.66 U/L) and in the blood content of glucose and fructosamine, as well as causing urinary alkalinization (pH=8.14) and a reduction in the urinary excretion index (UEI) and the fractional excretion rate (FER) of total calcium (Cat). The O.E.M. cactus cladodes provoked lower serum cholesterol content (41.33 mg/dL). Regardless of the genotype, there was a decrease in the serum content of indirect bilirubin, urea and sodium (Na), an increase in the concentration of serum magnesium (Mg) and urine, in addition to a reduction in the urinary concentrations of urea, creatinine, total proteins, Cat, phosphorus (P), UEI of U and P, as well as in FER of P. Urinary Mg content and UEI of uric acid and Mg increased and FER of P decreased with the participation of different genotypes of cactus cladodes in the diets. The cactus cladodes alter blood and urine parameters, increases water intake and diuresis in sheep, without compromising kidney function. In experiment III, thirty-six goats male, castrated, without a defined racial pattern were used, with an average of one year of age, which were slaughtered after 100 days of feedlot. The Tifton-85 grass hay was partially replaced by Miúda cactus cladodes or O.E.M. cactus cladodes. The use of cactus cladodes, regardless of genotype, decreased the serum concentration of cholesterol (P=0.002), whose averages were 73.24; 51.55 and 56.93 mg/dL, for the control treatments, with Miúda and with O.E.M. cactus cladodes, respectively. The animals that consumed cactus cladodes showed a predominance of degenerative and inflammatory processes and the O.E.M. cactus cladodes caused diffuse and accentuated coagulative necrosis in liver tissue (P=0.033). Regardless of the genotype, the cactus cladodes causes a decrease in serum cholesterol and, especially the O.E.M. genotype, causes outstanding tissue damage in the liver of goats, without affecting productive parameters. It is concluded that the use of diets containing cactus cladodes, especially the Miúda and Orelha de Elefante Mexicana varieties, alters metabolic and histological parameters of small ruminants, without compromising productive variables.