Avaliação integrada da sustentabilidade de pescarias artesanais costeiras no estado do Amapá, litoral amazônico, Brasil

• Autor(a) principal: JIMENEZ, Érica Antunes
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE
• Texto Completo: http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/8574
• topic: Pesca artesanal; Sustentabilidade; Abordagem ecossistêmica; Gestão pesqueira; CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS PESQUEIROS E ENGENHARIA DE PESCA

This study analyzed the sustainability of coastal small-scale fisheries in the state of Amapá through three complementary approaches: a description of the dynamics of fisheries and its value chain, a characterization of fisheries conflicts and the status of exploited resources according to fishers’ perception and an assessment of fisheries based on 32 multidisciplinary indicators (ecological, economic, ethical, institutional, social and technological) using the Rapfish method. Data were collected between 2014 and 2017 through interviews with 395 fishers, boat owners and community leaders. The interviews covered the socioeconomic profile of fishers, the catching and marketing of fish, the fisheries conflicts, the status of the exploited resources, among other topics. Interviews with officials of three fish processing companies included information on species, products, market and transportation. Interview data were complemented by field observations, photographic records, interactions with community members, participation in meetings of the Fishers’ Colonies and the councils of the No-Take Zones, and the opinion of fishery experts. Respondents were mainly men, with an average age of 37−43 years, low education and income, and an average fishing experience of 20−24 years. Fishing communities have high dependence on fishing as source of food and income, scarcity of alternative livelihoods, poor political representation, lack of government assistance and reliance on intermediaries for production flow. Fishing are multispecies, catching fishes with long life cycles and moderate to high vulnerability, using small-sized boats (6−12 meters) and gillnets and longlines. The value chain comprises fishers, middlemen and processing and exporting companies, supplying the domestic and international markets. The dynamics of the fishing sector reflect a variety of local to international drivers. Locally, the main drivers are the socioeconomic vulnerability of fishers, the lack of post-harvest infrastructure, the distance from consumers and the lack of effective control over fishing effort. Nationally, trade is driven by increasing fish consumption, while demand for swim bladder drives international trade. The main conflict cited was the increasing flow of migrant fishers to the study area, intensifying competition for fishing territories and limited fishery resources, as 75% of respondents cited a decrease in the abundance of exploited species. There are also conflicts related to access to fishery resources in No-Take Zones and in the transboundary region with French Guiana. In addition to these factors, there are the absence of effective public policies, the lack of solid governance structures and the large knowledge gaps. The cumulative effects of these factors result in fisheries with unfavorable performance in terms of sustainability. The Rapfish analysis indicated that most fisheries are ecologically, economically, and socially “less sustainable” and institutionally and ethically “bad”. In this context, a transition to a collaborative management and governance regime is recommended, as well as the implementation of arrangements capable of dealing with transboundary fish stocks and activities. Efforts are also needed to build cohesive social institutions capable of effectively participate in decision-making process and assume responsibilities in fisheries management and conservation of marine ecosystems.