Diversidade e distribuição espaço-temporal associada às atividades diárias da avifauna aquática em lagoas permanentes no semiárido do nordeste

• Autor(a) principal: PASSOS FILHO, Paulo de Barros
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE
• Texto Completo: http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5445
• topic: Ave aquática; Comportamento animal; Semiárido; CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA

Brazil has one of the most diverse fauna of birds in the world with 1825 species, which is equivalent to 57% of bird species recorded throughout South America. Among the 160 species that have aquatic habits, the herons and socós) and Anatidae (ducks and teals) are those with greater representation. In the semiarid lakes are important refuges for many species of animals and plants providing increased local diversity. More specific focus on the water birds associating with permanent ponds as well as the importance of these microhabitats for birds diversity in the region has scarcely been addressed. Thus, this research aims to study the variations of wealth, abundance and diversity of waterfowl in relation to the lake ecosystem during periods of flood and ebb in the semiarid permanent lakes; assess the distribution patterns of aquatic species between the hours of the day and know the use of spaces and the main behavior of the species associated with ponds analyzed. We chose two permanent lakes located in Fazenda Tamanduá, municipality of Santa Terezinha-PB. The censuses were conducted in eight days, four for each pond, and monthly over 12 months. Observations were made at five times throughout the day, 5h 30 min, 8 h 30 min, 11 h 30 min, 14 h 30 min and 17 h 30 min. In these times was also evaluated the behavior of birds through continuous naturalistic methods and focal animal. In the lakes studied so registered about 20% of species of aquatic birds in Brazil. A total of 10.939 and 17.176 individuals were recorded for Pond 1 and 2, respectively. The pond had a greater diversity and lower species richness and abundance of the pond 2. In the dry period can be observed a greater richness and abundance for the two ponds. The most abundant species in the lake was a lake Bubulcus ibis and two Dendrocygna viduata. Ordination multidimensional analysis showed dissimilarity between ponds and between the periods studied, these significant results. Amazonetta brasiliensis, Bubulcus ibis, Dendrocygna viduata, Gallinula galeata, Himantopus mexicanus, Jacana jacana, Phalacrocorax brasilianus, Podilymbus podiceps, Tachycineta albiventer, were the species responsible for the dissimilarities among the factors (pond and period). In regard to the times, the lowest abundance was recorded for the time of 11h 30min, which is significantly different from other times. In both lakes most birds are framed as potential residents. The most frequently observed behaviors were resting, and foraging and the area most used by them was the edge of the pond. The piscivores accounted for the majority community. The reproductive behavior occurred in three periods: before, during and after the rainy season.