Níveis de congêneres, carbamato de etila e outros contaminantes em runs e uísques de consumo popular no Brasil
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2012 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE |
Texto Completo: | http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5099 |
Resumo: | Among the various toxic substances found in alcoholic beverages, especially in spirits, ethyl carbamate (EC), a recognized carcinogen of organic nature, has drawn great attention to food inspecting authorities and researchers. Taking into account various scientific studies showing that cachaça, the most consumed spirit in Brazil, has high levels of EC, the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA) established an EC limit (150 μg.L-1) for the beverage in 2005 (which is coming into effect in June 2012), but other consumed spirits in Brazil, such as rums and whiskies, are not subjected to EC control by MAPA. Given the lack of information on the chemical profiles of rums and whiskies produced in Brazil, the objective of this study was to quantify congeners (volatile acids, aldehydes, esters, furfural, higher alcohols), EC and other contaminants (methanol, acrolein, sec-butanol, copper, lead and arsenic) in these beverages. Fifteen brands of rum and nine brands of whisky were sampled. All brands were low-priced (below US$20 per bottle) and recorded (licit). With the exception of two brands of rum, all brands complied with MAPA regulation for total congeners. With respect of EC, levels above 50 μg.L-1 (limit of quantification) were observed in one brand of whisky (86 μg.L-1) and three brands of rum (115, 340 e 278 μg.L-1). Therefore, the majority (83%) of sampled brands complied with the international EC limit for spirits (150 μg.L-1). It was also observed that the two brands of rum which exceeded the EC limit (126% and 85%) also presented relatively high levels of methanol. In general terms, the results indicate that distillation processes used in rum and whisky production in Brazil, notably column distillation and rectification, are suitable for controlling EC and other contaminants. Although rum and cachaça originate from the same raw material (sugar cane), EC levels in rum is comparatively lower. This observation is probably related to the distillation process (column distillation and rectification) or the physicochemical treatment by which the sugar cane juice is subjected (conversion into molasses) in rum production. |
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NÓBREGA, Ian Carneiro da CunhaLIMA, Vera Lúcia Arroxelas Galvão deLAVORANTE, André FernandoPAIM, Ana Paula SilveiraNAVARRO, Daniela Maria do Amaral FerrazOLIVEIRA, Sônia Paula Alexandrino de2016-07-27T15:26:38Z2012-02-29OLIVEIRA, Sônia Paula Alexandrino de. Níveis de congêneres, carbamato de etila e outros contaminantes em runs e uísques de consumo popular no Brasil. 2012. 87 f. Dissertação (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos) - Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife.http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5099Among the various toxic substances found in alcoholic beverages, especially in spirits, ethyl carbamate (EC), a recognized carcinogen of organic nature, has drawn great attention to food inspecting authorities and researchers. Taking into account various scientific studies showing that cachaça, the most consumed spirit in Brazil, has high levels of EC, the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA) established an EC limit (150 μg.L-1) for the beverage in 2005 (which is coming into effect in June 2012), but other consumed spirits in Brazil, such as rums and whiskies, are not subjected to EC control by MAPA. Given the lack of information on the chemical profiles of rums and whiskies produced in Brazil, the objective of this study was to quantify congeners (volatile acids, aldehydes, esters, furfural, higher alcohols), EC and other contaminants (methanol, acrolein, sec-butanol, copper, lead and arsenic) in these beverages. Fifteen brands of rum and nine brands of whisky were sampled. All brands were low-priced (below US$20 per bottle) and recorded (licit). With the exception of two brands of rum, all brands complied with MAPA regulation for total congeners. With respect of EC, levels above 50 μg.L-1 (limit of quantification) were observed in one brand of whisky (86 μg.L-1) and three brands of rum (115, 340 e 278 μg.L-1). Therefore, the majority (83%) of sampled brands complied with the international EC limit for spirits (150 μg.L-1). It was also observed that the two brands of rum which exceeded the EC limit (126% and 85%) also presented relatively high levels of methanol. In general terms, the results indicate that distillation processes used in rum and whisky production in Brazil, notably column distillation and rectification, are suitable for controlling EC and other contaminants. Although rum and cachaça originate from the same raw material (sugar cane), EC levels in rum is comparatively lower. This observation is probably related to the distillation process (column distillation and rectification) or the physicochemical treatment by which the sugar cane juice is subjected (conversion into molasses) in rum production.Dentre as várias substâncias tóxicas encontradas em bebidas alcoólicas, especialmente nas destiladas, o carbamato de etila (CE), um reconhecido carcinógeno de natureza orgânica, tem despertado grande atenção dos órgãos de fiscalização e pesquisadores. Em 2005, após constatação que a cachaça, a bebida alcoólica destilada mais consumida no Brasil, possuía elevado nível deste contaminante, o Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) estabeleceu uma tolerância de 150 μg de CE por litro de cachaça (a entrar em vigor em junho de 2012), porém outras bebidas destiladas de consumo popular, tais como runs e uísques produzidos no Brasil, ficaram livres deste controle. Assim, diante do desconhecimento do nível de CE, aliada a carência de informações sobre os perfis químicos de runs e uísques produzidos no Brasil, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo quantificar congêneres (acidez volátil, aldeídos, ésteres, furfural e alcoóis superiores), CE e outros contaminantes (metanol, acroleína, sec-butanol, cobre, chumbo e arsênio) nestas bebidas. Foram amostradas 15 marcas de rum e 9 marcas de uísque, todas do segmento de consumo popular (definidas com base no preço – até R$35,00 por unidade). Com exceção de duas marcas de rum, todas as demais estavam adequadas quanto aos limites estabelecidos pelo MAPA para o somatório de congêneres. Também foi observada adequação dos níveis de metanol, cobre, chumbo, arsênio e sec-butanol à legislação vigente. Quanto ao CE, foram verificados níveis acima de 50 μg.L-1 (limite de quantificação do método) em quatro marcas amostradas, uma de uísque (86 μg.L-1) e três de rum (115, 340 e 278 μg.L-1), portanto, a maioria (83%) apresentou adequação quanto ao nível internacionalmente tolerado para o contaminante em destilados (150 μg.L-1). No caso particular do CE em rum, observou-se que as duas marcas que ultrapassaram (126% e 85%) a citada tolerância também apresentaram níveis relativamente elevados de metanol. De um modo geral, os resultados indicam que os processos de destilação empregados na produção de runs e uísques no Brasil, notadamente a destilo-retificação, são adequados para controlar o nível de congêneres, CE e outros contaminantes. Este trabalho também mostrou que apesar do rum e da cachaça se originarem da mesma matéria-prima (cana-de-açúcar), o nível do CE no rum é comparativamente menor. Tal fato está provavelmente relacionado ao processo de destilação ou ao tratamento físico-químico pelo qual o caldo de cana é submetido (conversão em melaço) na produção do rum.Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-27T15:26:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sonia Paula Alexandrino de Oliveira.pdf: 561366 bytes, checksum: c192a2b79e10a3f472b46ce8e1815d29 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T15:26:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sonia Paula Alexandrino de Oliveira.pdf: 561366 bytes, checksum: c192a2b79e10a3f472b46ce8e1815d29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29application/pdfporUniversidade Federal Rural de PernambucoPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de AlimentosUFRPEBrasilDepartamento de Ciências DomésticasCarbamato de etilaBebida acoólicaBebida destiladaMetal pesadoCIENCIAS AGRARIAS::CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOSNíveis de congêneres, carbamato de etila e outros contaminantes em runs e uísques de consumo popular no Brasilinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis-3168359563433608541600600600-395403402001511222138879504442384524info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPEinstname:Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE)instacron:UFRPELICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-82165http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/bitstream/tede2/5099/1/license.txtbd3efa91386c1718a7f26a329fdcb468MD51ORIGINALSonia Paula Alexandrino de Oliveira.pdfSonia Paula Alexandrino de Oliveira.pdfapplication/pdf561366http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/bitstream/tede2/5099/2/Sonia+Paula+Alexandrino+de+Oliveira.pdfc192a2b79e10a3f472b46ce8e1815d29MD52tede2/50992023-06-14 09:49:35.279oai:tede2: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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttp://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede/PUBhttp://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/oai/requestbdtd@ufrpe.br ||bdtd@ufrpe.bropendoar:2023-06-14T12:49:35Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE - Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Níveis de congêneres, carbamato de etila e outros contaminantes em runs e uísques de consumo popular no Brasil |
title |
Níveis de congêneres, carbamato de etila e outros contaminantes em runs e uísques de consumo popular no Brasil |
spellingShingle |
Níveis de congêneres, carbamato de etila e outros contaminantes em runs e uísques de consumo popular no Brasil OLIVEIRA, Sônia Paula Alexandrino de Carbamato de etila Bebida acoólica Bebida destilada Metal pesado CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS |
title_short |
Níveis de congêneres, carbamato de etila e outros contaminantes em runs e uísques de consumo popular no Brasil |
title_full |
Níveis de congêneres, carbamato de etila e outros contaminantes em runs e uísques de consumo popular no Brasil |
title_fullStr |
Níveis de congêneres, carbamato de etila e outros contaminantes em runs e uísques de consumo popular no Brasil |
title_full_unstemmed |
Níveis de congêneres, carbamato de etila e outros contaminantes em runs e uísques de consumo popular no Brasil |
title_sort |
Níveis de congêneres, carbamato de etila e outros contaminantes em runs e uísques de consumo popular no Brasil |
author |
OLIVEIRA, Sônia Paula Alexandrino de |
author_facet |
OLIVEIRA, Sônia Paula Alexandrino de |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
NÓBREGA, Ian Carneiro da Cunha |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv |
LIMA, Vera Lúcia Arroxelas Galvão de |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
LAVORANTE, André Fernando |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
PAIM, Ana Paula Silveira |
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv |
NAVARRO, Daniela Maria do Amaral Ferraz |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
OLIVEIRA, Sônia Paula Alexandrino de |
contributor_str_mv |
NÓBREGA, Ian Carneiro da Cunha LIMA, Vera Lúcia Arroxelas Galvão de LAVORANTE, André Fernando PAIM, Ana Paula Silveira NAVARRO, Daniela Maria do Amaral Ferraz |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Carbamato de etila Bebida acoólica Bebida destilada Metal pesado |
topic |
Carbamato de etila Bebida acoólica Bebida destilada Metal pesado CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS |
description |
Among the various toxic substances found in alcoholic beverages, especially in spirits, ethyl carbamate (EC), a recognized carcinogen of organic nature, has drawn great attention to food inspecting authorities and researchers. Taking into account various scientific studies showing that cachaça, the most consumed spirit in Brazil, has high levels of EC, the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA) established an EC limit (150 μg.L-1) for the beverage in 2005 (which is coming into effect in June 2012), but other consumed spirits in Brazil, such as rums and whiskies, are not subjected to EC control by MAPA. Given the lack of information on the chemical profiles of rums and whiskies produced in Brazil, the objective of this study was to quantify congeners (volatile acids, aldehydes, esters, furfural, higher alcohols), EC and other contaminants (methanol, acrolein, sec-butanol, copper, lead and arsenic) in these beverages. Fifteen brands of rum and nine brands of whisky were sampled. All brands were low-priced (below US$20 per bottle) and recorded (licit). With the exception of two brands of rum, all brands complied with MAPA regulation for total congeners. With respect of EC, levels above 50 μg.L-1 (limit of quantification) were observed in one brand of whisky (86 μg.L-1) and three brands of rum (115, 340 e 278 μg.L-1). Therefore, the majority (83%) of sampled brands complied with the international EC limit for spirits (150 μg.L-1). It was also observed that the two brands of rum which exceeded the EC limit (126% and 85%) also presented relatively high levels of methanol. In general terms, the results indicate that distillation processes used in rum and whisky production in Brazil, notably column distillation and rectification, are suitable for controlling EC and other contaminants. Although rum and cachaça originate from the same raw material (sugar cane), EC levels in rum is comparatively lower. This observation is probably related to the distillation process (column distillation and rectification) or the physicochemical treatment by which the sugar cane juice is subjected (conversion into molasses) in rum production. |
publishDate |
2012 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2012-02-29 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2016-07-27T15:26:38Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
OLIVEIRA, Sônia Paula Alexandrino de. Níveis de congêneres, carbamato de etila e outros contaminantes em runs e uísques de consumo popular no Brasil. 2012. 87 f. Dissertação (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos) - Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5099 |
identifier_str_mv |
OLIVEIRA, Sônia Paula Alexandrino de. Níveis de congêneres, carbamato de etila e outros contaminantes em runs e uísques de consumo popular no Brasil. 2012. 87 f. Dissertação (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos) - Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife. |
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http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5099 |
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