Efeito de extratos vegetais de flor de seda e juazeiro no manejo de pragas na cultura do tomateiro

• Autor(a) principal: ANSELMO, Wevertton Marllon
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE
• Texto Completo: http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6173
• topic: Manejo de praga; Inseticida botânico; Praga do tomateiro; Botanical Insecticide; Pest management; Pest tomato; FITOTECNIA::MELHORAMENTO VEGETAL

The tomato (Lycopersicon esculent) is a vegetable subject to the occurrence of many disease problems. The need to develop less toxic insecticides has been placed as an alternative found in insecticide plants. Alternative methods of control, such as the use of plant extracts with insecticidal activity have shown promising results. Among the spontaneous species of the caatinga biome silk flower (Calatropis procera) and endemic species of the caatinga biome such as juazeiro (Ziziphus joazeiro) have been studied through their extracts as insecticides. Thi way, the objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of plant extracts of the spontaneous species and endemic of the Caatinga biome in the management of pests and diseases in tomato. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of UAST in two stages, the first being in greenhouse and second in field. In the first stage trays in greenhouse were used and it was verified the action of aqueous extracts of plant on the primary pests which are the transmitters of viruses in tomato Caline Ipa 7. In the second stage, in field it was verified the effect of the use of these aqueous extracts of plants on the main pests and virus using tomato seedlings from the first step. The extracts were produced by grinding leaves of silk flower (C. Procera) and juazeiro (Z. Joazeiro) in a proportion of 10% strained and then filtered through cheesecloth fabric plus 1% detergent. Sprays were made every two days and assessments made every seven days. The design in the first step was completely randomized with three treatments and two replications; in the second, the design was randomized in block with three treatments and six replications. Among the major pests associated with the cultivation of tomato in this study occurred more frequently in the White Fly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae); Minadora to fly Liriomyza sp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and Thrips Frankliniella schultzei (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Extracts of Silk Flower and Juazeiro reduced the infestation of fly B. White Thrips tabaci and F. schultzei compared to the control and the infestation of leaf miner Liriomyza sp. was lower in plants treated with silk flower extract against those not treated with plant extracts. The populational fluctuation of the Fly B. White Thrips tabaci and F. schultzei showed that these pests are present throughout the crop cycle, already Minadora fly Liriomyza sp. only appeared in the first two weeks. There was no difference between treatments in the proportion of plants with virus and production. The percentage of plants with virus symptoms was 49.8% in control and 35.36% and 47.38% for plants treated with extracts of Silk Flower and Juazeiro respectively. Tomato production was 61.03 kg in the control and 65.3 and 74.14 kg in plants treated with extracts of Silk Flower and Juazeiro, respectively, there was no difference in tomato production between treatments. So, Silk Flower and Juazeiro extracts reduced the infestation of fly B. White tabaci, Mosca Minadora Liriomyza sp. Thrips and F. schultzei compared to the control during the production of seedlings, Fly Minadora Liriomyza sp. is considered a pest and requires initial monitoring at the beginning of cultivation. Despite the decrease extracts and Silk Flower Juazeiro had not an effective control against the population of Thrips F. schultzei field.