Climatização na pré-ordenha de vacas da raça girolando e seus efeitos na produção e qualidade do leite e no comportamento animal
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2009 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE |
Texto Completo: | http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5583 |
Resumo: | This study was conducted to evaluate and quantify the effects of cooling of cows in the pre-milking stable waiting pen on milk production, milk composition, animal behavior, physiological state, thermal environmental adaptation and the cost-benefit of the Adiabatic Evaporative Cooling System (AECS). The research was conducted on a dairy farm producing type B milk located in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Sixteen multiparous lactating Girolando cows were used having a genetic composition of 7/8 Holstein-Zebu and an average production of 18 kg of milk per animal per day, divided into four groups with four evaluation periods. A (4x4) Latin square design was used. The Tukey test (P <0.05) was utilized for comparison of the means. The experiment was conducted during the summer season (February-March 2009) and lasted 56 days. The treatments consisted of different periods of exposure (0, 10, 20 and 30 min.) of the animals to the AECS in the pre-milking stable waiting pen before the morning milking sessions (5 to 5:30 a.m.) and the afternoon sessions (2:00 to 2:30 p.m.). Milk production was recorded daily and the collection of samples for analysis of its components was performed twice for each of the 4 study periods. The respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT) and temperature of the coat (TC) were taken twice during each study period, measured before and after cooling on alternating days and did not coincide with the behavioral assessment days. All animals of each treatment wereobserved at 10 minute intervals, from 7a.m. to 1p.m. and from 3p.m. to 5 p.m. Environmental data consisting of dry bulb temperature (DBT, ºC), relative humidity (RH, %) and black globe temperature (BGT, ºC) were recorded every minute during the time of exposure of animals to the cooling system in the stable waiting pen and out in the external environment using the HOBO® data logger. Wind speed was recorded usingan anemometer at all of the treatment intervals. The thermal efficiency of the system was determined by using the Temperature and Humidity Index (THI), the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), the Radiant Thermal Load (RTL) and enthalpy (h). Exposure of the animals in the stable waiting pen to the AECS for 30 minute periods allowed the environmental variables and the comfort indices to remain below the critical upper limit of thermal comfort for the animals. The 30 minute treatment showed lower RR, TR, and TC values when compared to animals subjected to the 0 min., 10 min. and 20 min. treatments and these values were within acceptable limits. The animals in the 30 minute cooling sessions spent more time on food intake and rumination (277 and 483 observations) compared to the 0 min. treatment (248 and 438 observations), the 10 min. treatment (251 and 437 observations) and the 20 min. treatment (274 and 476 observations) respectively. The 30 min. treatment had a 4.35% increase in milk production compared to the 0 min. treatment. There was no significant effect on milk composition among the treatments. The initial purchase cost of the AECS was R$ 2,147.80, which yielded an increase in milk production of 0.765 kg per animal per day, and an increase in monthly revenue of approximately R$ 1,266.84. Comparing the 0 min. and 30 min. cooling periods, the AECS showed itself to be a profitable investment, with a return on the invested capital within 58 days. |
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PANDORFI, HélitonGUISELINE, CristianeBARBOSA, Severino Benone Paeshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2328849810614673ALMEIDA, Gledson Luiz Pontes de2016-10-05T10:46:17Z2009-12-18ALMEIDA, Gledson Luiz Pontes de. Climatização na pré-ordenha de vacas da raça girolando e seus efeitos na produção e qualidade do leite e no comportamento animal. 2009. 134 f. Dissertação (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife.http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5583This study was conducted to evaluate and quantify the effects of cooling of cows in the pre-milking stable waiting pen on milk production, milk composition, animal behavior, physiological state, thermal environmental adaptation and the cost-benefit of the Adiabatic Evaporative Cooling System (AECS). The research was conducted on a dairy farm producing type B milk located in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Sixteen multiparous lactating Girolando cows were used having a genetic composition of 7/8 Holstein-Zebu and an average production of 18 kg of milk per animal per day, divided into four groups with four evaluation periods. A (4x4) Latin square design was used. The Tukey test (P <0.05) was utilized for comparison of the means. The experiment was conducted during the summer season (February-March 2009) and lasted 56 days. The treatments consisted of different periods of exposure (0, 10, 20 and 30 min.) of the animals to the AECS in the pre-milking stable waiting pen before the morning milking sessions (5 to 5:30 a.m.) and the afternoon sessions (2:00 to 2:30 p.m.). Milk production was recorded daily and the collection of samples for analysis of its components was performed twice for each of the 4 study periods. The respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT) and temperature of the coat (TC) were taken twice during each study period, measured before and after cooling on alternating days and did not coincide with the behavioral assessment days. All animals of each treatment wereobserved at 10 minute intervals, from 7a.m. to 1p.m. and from 3p.m. to 5 p.m. Environmental data consisting of dry bulb temperature (DBT, ºC), relative humidity (RH, %) and black globe temperature (BGT, ºC) were recorded every minute during the time of exposure of animals to the cooling system in the stable waiting pen and out in the external environment using the HOBO® data logger. Wind speed was recorded usingan anemometer at all of the treatment intervals. The thermal efficiency of the system was determined by using the Temperature and Humidity Index (THI), the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), the Radiant Thermal Load (RTL) and enthalpy (h). Exposure of the animals in the stable waiting pen to the AECS for 30 minute periods allowed the environmental variables and the comfort indices to remain below the critical upper limit of thermal comfort for the animals. The 30 minute treatment showed lower RR, TR, and TC values when compared to animals subjected to the 0 min., 10 min. and 20 min. treatments and these values were within acceptable limits. The animals in the 30 minute cooling sessions spent more time on food intake and rumination (277 and 483 observations) compared to the 0 min. treatment (248 and 438 observations), the 10 min. treatment (251 and 437 observations) and the 20 min. treatment (274 and 476 observations) respectively. The 30 min. treatment had a 4.35% increase in milk production compared to the 0 min. treatment. There was no significant effect on milk composition among the treatments. The initial purchase cost of the AECS was R$ 2,147.80, which yielded an increase in milk production of 0.765 kg per animal per day, and an increase in monthly revenue of approximately R$ 1,266.84. Comparing the 0 min. and 30 min. cooling periods, the AECS showed itself to be a profitable investment, with a return on the invested capital within 58 days.O presente trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar e quantificar os efeitos da climatização na pré-ordenha sobre a produção e composição do leite, comportamento animal, estado fisiológico, condicionamento térmico ambiental e relação custo/benefício do sistema de resfriamento adiabático evaporativo (SRAE). A pesquisa foi realizada em uma fazenda comercial de produção de leite tipo B, localizada no interior do Estado de Pernambuco. Foram utilizadas 16 vacas, multíparas de composição genética 7/8 Holandês-Gir em lactação, com produção média de 18 kg de leite animal-1 dia-1, distribuídas em quatro grupos, com quatro períodos de avaliação, adotando-se o delineamento em quadrado latino (4x4) e para comparação entre as médias foi utilizado o teste de Tukey (P<0,05). O experimento foi realizado durante a estação de verão (fevereiro a março de 2009), com duração de 56 dias Os tratamentos adotados foram os diferentes tempos de exposição dos animais ao SRAE no curral de espera, 0, 10, 20 e 30 min, para a ordenha do turno da manhã (5 às 5h30min) e da tarde (14 às 14h30min), respectivamente. A produção de leite foi registrada diariamente e a coleta das amostras para análise da composição do leite foi realizada duas vezes para cada período do estudo. A freqüência respiratória (FR), temperatura retal (TR) e temperatura do pelame(TP) foram tomadas duas vezes em cada período, medidas antes e depois da climatização, em dias não consecutivos nem coincidentes com as avaliações comportamentais, observadas em todos os animais de cada tratamento, em intervalos de 10 minutos, das 7 às 13 h e das 15 às 17 h. Os dados ambientais: temperatura de bulbo seco (Tbs, oC), umidade relativa do ar (UR, %) e temperatura de globo negro (Tgn, oC) foram registrados a cada minuto, durante o tempo de exposição dos animais àclimatização no curral de espera e no ambiente externo, por meio de datalogger HOBO®. A velocidade do vento foi registrada, com o auxílio de um anemômetro, em todos os intervalos correspondentes aos tratamentos. Assim, foi possível determinar a eficiência térmica do sistema por meio do Índice de Temperatura e Umidade (ITU), do Índice de Globo Negro e Umidade (ITGU), da entalpia (h), e da Carga Térmica Radiante (CTR). A exposição dos animais no curral de espera ao SRAE, durante 30 min, permitiu manter as variáveis ambientais e os índices de conforto abaixo do limite crítico superior para o conforto térmico dos animais. O tratamento 30 min mostrou valores inferiores para FR, TR e TP, quando comparados aos obtidos nos animais submetidos aos tratamentos de 0, 10 e 20 min, permanecendo dentro dos limites normais para estas variáveis. Verificou-se maior frequência despendida com a ingestão de alimentos e ruminação (277 e 483 observações) no tratamento 30 min, comparativamente aos tratamentos 0 min (248 e 438 observações), 10 min (251 e 437 observações) e 20 min (274 e 476 observações), respectivamente. Este fato refletiu positivamente na produção de leite dos animais do tratamento 30 min, que apresentou um aumento de 4,35% na produção, quando comparado ao tratamento 0 min. Não severificou efeito significativo na composição do leite, entre os tratamentos. O custo inicial do investimento para aquisição do SRAE foi de R$ 2.147,80, o que promoveu aumento na produção de leite de 0,765 kg animal-1 dia-1, e gerou acréscimo na receita mensal de aproximadamente R$ 1.266,84, entre os tratamentos 0 min e 30 min. de climatização, evidenciando tratar-se de investimento satisfatório e lucrativo, com tempo de retorno do capital investido de 58 dias.Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-10-05T10:46:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gledson Luiz Pontes de Almeida.pdf: 4340991 bytes, checksum: a8cbabb205582862b02b35cb5ba4871b (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-05T10:46:17Z (GMT). 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dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Climatização na pré-ordenha de vacas da raça girolando e seus efeitos na produção e qualidade do leite e no comportamento animal |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Cooling of pre-milking girolando cows and its effect production and quality of milk and animal behavior |
title |
Climatização na pré-ordenha de vacas da raça girolando e seus efeitos na produção e qualidade do leite e no comportamento animal |
spellingShingle |
Climatização na pré-ordenha de vacas da raça girolando e seus efeitos na produção e qualidade do leite e no comportamento animal ALMEIDA, Gledson Luiz Pontes de Bovino de leite Conforto térmico Sistema de resfriamento Resfriamento evaporativo CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA |
title_short |
Climatização na pré-ordenha de vacas da raça girolando e seus efeitos na produção e qualidade do leite e no comportamento animal |
title_full |
Climatização na pré-ordenha de vacas da raça girolando e seus efeitos na produção e qualidade do leite e no comportamento animal |
title_fullStr |
Climatização na pré-ordenha de vacas da raça girolando e seus efeitos na produção e qualidade do leite e no comportamento animal |
title_full_unstemmed |
Climatização na pré-ordenha de vacas da raça girolando e seus efeitos na produção e qualidade do leite e no comportamento animal |
title_sort |
Climatização na pré-ordenha de vacas da raça girolando e seus efeitos na produção e qualidade do leite e no comportamento animal |
author |
ALMEIDA, Gledson Luiz Pontes de |
author_facet |
ALMEIDA, Gledson Luiz Pontes de |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
PANDORFI, Héliton |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv |
GUISELINE, Cristiane |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
BARBOSA, Severino Benone Paes |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2328849810614673 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
ALMEIDA, Gledson Luiz Pontes de |
contributor_str_mv |
PANDORFI, Héliton GUISELINE, Cristiane BARBOSA, Severino Benone Paes |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Bovino de leite Conforto térmico Sistema de resfriamento Resfriamento evaporativo |
topic |
Bovino de leite Conforto térmico Sistema de resfriamento Resfriamento evaporativo CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA |
description |
This study was conducted to evaluate and quantify the effects of cooling of cows in the pre-milking stable waiting pen on milk production, milk composition, animal behavior, physiological state, thermal environmental adaptation and the cost-benefit of the Adiabatic Evaporative Cooling System (AECS). The research was conducted on a dairy farm producing type B milk located in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Sixteen multiparous lactating Girolando cows were used having a genetic composition of 7/8 Holstein-Zebu and an average production of 18 kg of milk per animal per day, divided into four groups with four evaluation periods. A (4x4) Latin square design was used. The Tukey test (P <0.05) was utilized for comparison of the means. The experiment was conducted during the summer season (February-March 2009) and lasted 56 days. The treatments consisted of different periods of exposure (0, 10, 20 and 30 min.) of the animals to the AECS in the pre-milking stable waiting pen before the morning milking sessions (5 to 5:30 a.m.) and the afternoon sessions (2:00 to 2:30 p.m.). Milk production was recorded daily and the collection of samples for analysis of its components was performed twice for each of the 4 study periods. The respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT) and temperature of the coat (TC) were taken twice during each study period, measured before and after cooling on alternating days and did not coincide with the behavioral assessment days. All animals of each treatment wereobserved at 10 minute intervals, from 7a.m. to 1p.m. and from 3p.m. to 5 p.m. Environmental data consisting of dry bulb temperature (DBT, ºC), relative humidity (RH, %) and black globe temperature (BGT, ºC) were recorded every minute during the time of exposure of animals to the cooling system in the stable waiting pen and out in the external environment using the HOBO® data logger. Wind speed was recorded usingan anemometer at all of the treatment intervals. The thermal efficiency of the system was determined by using the Temperature and Humidity Index (THI), the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), the Radiant Thermal Load (RTL) and enthalpy (h). Exposure of the animals in the stable waiting pen to the AECS for 30 minute periods allowed the environmental variables and the comfort indices to remain below the critical upper limit of thermal comfort for the animals. The 30 minute treatment showed lower RR, TR, and TC values when compared to animals subjected to the 0 min., 10 min. and 20 min. treatments and these values were within acceptable limits. The animals in the 30 minute cooling sessions spent more time on food intake and rumination (277 and 483 observations) compared to the 0 min. treatment (248 and 438 observations), the 10 min. treatment (251 and 437 observations) and the 20 min. treatment (274 and 476 observations) respectively. The 30 min. treatment had a 4.35% increase in milk production compared to the 0 min. treatment. There was no significant effect on milk composition among the treatments. The initial purchase cost of the AECS was R$ 2,147.80, which yielded an increase in milk production of 0.765 kg per animal per day, and an increase in monthly revenue of approximately R$ 1,266.84. Comparing the 0 min. and 30 min. cooling periods, the AECS showed itself to be a profitable investment, with a return on the invested capital within 58 days. |
publishDate |
2009 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2009-12-18 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2016-10-05T10:46:17Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
ALMEIDA, Gledson Luiz Pontes de. Climatização na pré-ordenha de vacas da raça girolando e seus efeitos na produção e qualidade do leite e no comportamento animal. 2009. 134 f. Dissertação (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5583 |
identifier_str_mv |
ALMEIDA, Gledson Luiz Pontes de. Climatização na pré-ordenha de vacas da raça girolando e seus efeitos na produção e qualidade do leite e no comportamento animal. 2009. 134 f. Dissertação (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife. |
url |
http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5583 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.program.fl_str_mv |
-5347692450416052129 |
dc.relation.confidence.fl_str_mv |
600 600 600 600 |
dc.relation.department.fl_str_mv |
-2862116196355079674 |
dc.relation.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
9185445721588761555 |
dc.relation.sponsorship.fl_str_mv |
2075167498588264571 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco |
dc.publisher.program.fl_str_mv |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola |
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv |
UFRPE |
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv |
Brasil |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE instname:Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) instacron:UFRPE |
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Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) |
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UFRPE |
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UFRPE |
reponame_str |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE |
collection |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/bitstream/tede2/5583/1/license.txt http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/bitstream/tede2/5583/2/Gledson+Luiz+Pontes+de+Almeida.pdf |
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MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE - Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
bdtd@ufrpe.br ||bdtd@ufrpe.br |
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