Manejo de água de cisterna para a produção de alimentos no semiárido pernambucano

• Autor(a) principal: FERREIRA, Elvis Pantaleão
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE
• Texto Completo: http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5760
• topic: Água pluvial; Cisterna; Agricultura familiar; ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA::ENGENHARIA DE AGUA E SOLO

The Brazilian semiarid is characterized by the Caatinga biome presence, and essentially the occurrence of the lowest rainfall in the country, whose average annual rainfall is less than 800 mm, marked by high spatial and temporal variability of rainfall. Nevertheless, it is recognized that this region has sufficient potential for the development and permanence of the population in the field. The use of alternative technologies coexistence with drought, such as the use of cisterns, can ensure the rural population with a food quality and quantity, through sustainable management of land and water. This research aimed to know the current status of the cisterns of the P1 + 2 Program and evaluate the productivity of an orchard and a vegetable garden, explored in the family farming system through the volume of water from a cistern Calçadão type, in the semiarid region of Pernambuco. The research was conducted in the field with five species of fruit trees: mango, cashew, cherry antilles, custard apple and orange, with four years of age, spaced five meters between plants and 5 meters between lines. The design of the fruit trees in the field was composed of two treatments, irrigated with water from the cistern and not irrigated, with three replicates for irrigated treatment, and two repetitions for non-irrigated treatment, being one plant of each fruit tree corresponding to a repetition, as arrangement [(3x5) + (2X5)] totaling 25 plants. To quantify the amount of water to be applied, it was considered the volume of water stored in the cistern, and the year divided into three periods: the rainy season, interim period and dry season, applying the increasing volume of water, respectively, 8, 12 and 16 liters of water, three times a week per plant, depending on the length of each period. The research also included two vegetable beds, each with four square meters, planted with peppers, cabbage leaf, arugula, cilantro and lettuce, applying two volumes from the cistern: 32 and 16 liters per day for 365 days. In order to gather data about the soil moisture, was monitored the water content in the soil profile, using the indirect method by Frequency Domain Reflectometry - FDR. For this, access tubes were used located within 40 cm of the stem of each plant in the orchard and in the center of the vegetable beds. After a year of observations, it was found that the volume of water applied in the orchard provided significant productions. For the vegetables, the best water/production was obtained with 16 liters of water applied daily. The results show that the use of the cistern can ensure a regular intake of fruit and vegetables in the diet of rural families in the semi-arid of Pernambuco, contributing to the permanence of the population in the field.