Perfil metabólico e características do fluido ruminal de bovinos submetidos à dieta grão de milho inteiro

• Autor(a) principal: ALCANTARA, Uila Almeida Aragão de
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE
• Texto Completo: http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/8022
• topic: Perfil metabólico; Fluido ruminal; Bovino; Nutrição animal; Milho; MEDICINA VETERINARIA::REPRODUCAO ANIMAL

This study aims to characterize the effects of a feeding based on diet composed of whole corn grain on clinical, hematological, biochemical and of feedlot cattle rumen fluid. Twenty bovines, non-defined breed, adult, uncastrated, with an average weight of 334.4 ± 15.95 kg, vaccinated and wormed, were divided into two experimental groups, distributed by probabilistic sampling, confined for 99 days. The control group (G2) was composed of five animals that were fed diets containing sugarcane bagasse and Max Beef Grão Inteiro®, using a roughage:concentrate ratio (30:70), respectively; while experimental animals (G1) consisting of 15 animals received only the Max Beef Grão Inteiro®-based diet throughout the experiment. Clinical observations, blood, and ruminal fluid samples were obtained between at intervals of two and four hours after feeding, during six times of collection for each group. Hemogram, total plasma protein, and plasma fibrinogen were performed. In the ruminal fluid the physical characteristics, color, odor, and consistency were evaluated; chemical, pH, PRAM and microbiological, the percentage of infusory and TAS / FLOT. Among the blood metabolites analyzed in the serum: cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine, uric acid, total protein, albumin (A), globulin (G), A/G ratio, fructosamine, AST, CK, GGT, ALT, FA, Ca, P, Mg, Na, K and Cl, insulin, cortisol, troponin and CK-MB and plasma glucose and lactate-L. The data were evaluated for their normality and, subsequently, analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the SAS (Statistical Analysis System), adopting 5% of significance. The animals that were part of the G1 group were kept in season, active, average general temperature of 38.8ºC in the G1 and 38.3º in the animals belonging to the group G2. Incomplete movements were observed in the rumen dynamics, with some animals presenting with mild timpanism. The feces were diarrheal with corn grains. Red blood counts, hematocrit and hemoglobin counts were significantly higher at baseline (P<0.05). Plasma fibrinogen values differed between groups, with the highest G1 (489 mg/dL) mean. Ruminal fluid color ranged from light brown to milky, with acid odor and slightly viscous consistency in G1. The pH of the ruminal fluid was lower in G1 than in G2 during the whole experimental period and the lowest mean was found in M2 (5.59 ± 0.05). There was impairment of the infusory population, decreased time to reduce methylene blue and absent TAS / FLOT in some moments. The biochemical analysis showed an increase in serum triglyceride concentration in the two experimental groups and plasma lactate in G1, in relation to G2 (P <0.05), with values above normal. Serum albumin concentration was higher in the control group (P<0.05). A slight elevation of the enzymatic activity of GGT and CK was observed. The electrolytes and osmolality profile showed hyperphosphatemia, hypernatremia, hyperchloremia, increase in the osmolality and the strong ion difference showed a metabolic acidosis in the initial moments. The hormonal profile showed an elevation of cortisol in both groups. The whole corn grain diet triggered a chronic rumen acidosis is characterized clinically by decreased motility, discrete timpanism, grains with diarrhea. Allied to the physical-chemical and microbiological changes of rumen fluid. However, they were not reflected in hematological findings, including plasma fibrinogen. Despite the variations presented, mainly in the profile of electrolytes and osmolality, the animals do not demonstrate apparent metabolic disorders with damages in the general metabolism.