Perfil dos indivíduos com síndrome de down de um centro de especialidades odontológicas em um município de São Paulo

• Autor(a) principal: Nacamura, Claudia Akemi
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USC
• Texto Completo: http://tede2.usc.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/308
• topic: Síndrome de Down; Hipotonia muscular; Manifestações bucais; Down syndrome; Muscular hypotonia; Oral manifestations; CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::SAUDE COLETIVA

Down Syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21 was first described by John Longden Hayden Down in 1866. It is a human genetic condition that occurs before birth, it is the main cause of intellectual disability in the population, being considered the most common congenital mental abnormality. DS is the most known malformation syndrome of the human species, it was the first chromosomal abnormality to be recognized and it is among the most common chromosomal alteration in humans. In Brazil, the incidence is of 1 in every 600 live births. The probable factors that cause the condition are advanced maternal age (40 years or more) and the genetic predisposition of one of the parents to non disjunction. Down Syndrome individuals have important clinical characteristics such as general muscular hypotonia, flat face, brachycephaly, upward slanting eyelids, epicanthus, simian crease, cardiac abnormalities, gastrointestinal and vision changes, joint problems. Apart from these, SD individuals also present changes in the stomatognathic system: teeth, tongue, periodontal, maxilla, palate, jaw, occlusion and TMJ. The Specialized Dental Clinics (CEO) have been the strategy of the National Oral Health Policy (NBSP) to ensure secondary care to this population. This study aims at evaluating DS patients treated at CEO-Bauru, from February 2007 to October 2015, totaling 62 records. In order to do so, we checked the dental treatments performed in different specialties; as well as verified the presence of alterations in the stomatognathic system, comparing them to the updated records in the literature. Among people with disabilities registered in CEO- Bauru it was recorded 62 records of individuals with DS, divided into groups by age in children, adolescent and adult to study. There was no predilection for gender, ethnicity or social class. The most frequent cytogenetic form was the free trisomy. There is a predominance of younger mothers (under 35 years) the child's birth. Skeletal muscle hypotonia is present in every group and the multiplicity of systems is present, such as congenital heart disease, visual changes, gastrointestinal abnormalities among others. In this group there are changes in the stomatognathic system (tongue, teeth, periodontal, palate, jaw and occlusion). Among the dental treatments performed, predominated dentistry and preventive, and shared cases with professionals from endodontics and periodontics specialty, showing the possibility of service with more than a professional. There were no referrals for dental prosthesis, as were cases related to severe bone loss and / or association with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and no cases of included or impacted teeth or lesions that suggest the need for intervention by professional specialty of minor oral surgery. These results show that the presence of SD considering its peculiarities is not a impediment factor for dental treatment of these patients on clinic; the incidence of SD is high among individuals with disabilities in the CEO-Bauru and the importance of knowing the characteristics and treatment needs of these individuals to the dentist to work effectively, successfully and driving safety of the treatments.