Hepatitis B: epidemiological, immunological, and serological considerations emphasizing mutation

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: El Khouri,Marcelo
Data de Publicação: 2004
Outros Autores: Santos,Vera Aparecida dos
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Revista do Hospital das Clínicas
Texto Completo: http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0041-87812004000400011
Resumo: The global prevalence of hepatitis B virus is estimated to be 350 million chronic carriers, varying widely from low (<2%, as in Western Europe, North America, New Zealand, Australia, and Japan) to high (>8% as in Africa, Southeast Asia, and China). The overall prevalence in Brazil is about 8%. There are currently 7 genotypic variations, from A to G, and also 4 main surface antigen subtypes: adw, ayw, adr, and ayr. There has been great interest in identifying the geographic distribution and prognosis associated with the various genotypes and subtypes. Although the serologic test is highly sensitive and specific, it does not detect cases of mutant hepatitis B, which is increasingly common worldwide due to resistance and vaccine escape, antiviral therapy, and immunosuppression, among other causes. Alterations in surface, polymerase, X region, core, and precore genes have been described. The main mutations occur in surface and in core/precore genes, also known as occult hepatitis, since its serologic markers of active infection (HBsAg) and viral replication (HBeAg) can be negative. Thus, mutation should be suspected when serologic tests to hepatitis B show control of immunity or replication coincident with worsened clinical status and exclusion of other causes of hepatitis.
id USP-57_62c4b8a76fefd517a0cc5d319a522f5f
oai_identifier_str oai:scielo:S0041-87812004000400011
network_acronym_str USP-57
network_name_str Revista do Hospital das Clínicas
repository_id_str
spelling Hepatitis B: epidemiological, immunological, and serological considerations emphasizing mutationHepatitis BEdidemiologySerologyMutationThe global prevalence of hepatitis B virus is estimated to be 350 million chronic carriers, varying widely from low (<2%, as in Western Europe, North America, New Zealand, Australia, and Japan) to high (>8% as in Africa, Southeast Asia, and China). The overall prevalence in Brazil is about 8%. There are currently 7 genotypic variations, from A to G, and also 4 main surface antigen subtypes: adw, ayw, adr, and ayr. There has been great interest in identifying the geographic distribution and prognosis associated with the various genotypes and subtypes. Although the serologic test is highly sensitive and specific, it does not detect cases of mutant hepatitis B, which is increasingly common worldwide due to resistance and vaccine escape, antiviral therapy, and immunosuppression, among other causes. Alterations in surface, polymerase, X region, core, and precore genes have been described. The main mutations occur in surface and in core/precore genes, also known as occult hepatitis, since its serologic markers of active infection (HBsAg) and viral replication (HBeAg) can be negative. Thus, mutation should be suspected when serologic tests to hepatitis B show control of immunity or replication coincident with worsened clinical status and exclusion of other causes of hepatitis.Faculdade de Medicina / Universidade de São Paulo - FM/USP2004-01-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontext/htmlhttp://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0041-87812004000400011Revista do Hospital das Clínicas v.59 n.4 2004reponame:Revista do Hospital das Clínicasinstname:Universidade de São Paulo (USP)instacron:USP10.1590/S0041-87812004000400011info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessEl Khouri,MarceloSantos,Vera Aparecida doseng2004-09-09T00:00:00Zoai:scielo:S0041-87812004000400011Revistahttp://www.scielo.br/rhcPUBhttps://old.scielo.br/oai/scielo-oai.php||revista.hc@hcnet.usp.br1678-99030041-8781opendoar:2004-09-09T00:00Revista do Hospital das Clínicas - Universidade de São Paulo (USP)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Hepatitis B: epidemiological, immunological, and serological considerations emphasizing mutation
title Hepatitis B: epidemiological, immunological, and serological considerations emphasizing mutation
spellingShingle Hepatitis B: epidemiological, immunological, and serological considerations emphasizing mutation
El Khouri,Marcelo
Hepatitis B
Edidemiology
Serology
Mutation
title_short Hepatitis B: epidemiological, immunological, and serological considerations emphasizing mutation
title_full Hepatitis B: epidemiological, immunological, and serological considerations emphasizing mutation
title_fullStr Hepatitis B: epidemiological, immunological, and serological considerations emphasizing mutation
title_full_unstemmed Hepatitis B: epidemiological, immunological, and serological considerations emphasizing mutation
title_sort Hepatitis B: epidemiological, immunological, and serological considerations emphasizing mutation
author El Khouri,Marcelo
author_facet El Khouri,Marcelo
Santos,Vera Aparecida dos
author_role author
author2 Santos,Vera Aparecida dos
author2_role author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv El Khouri,Marcelo
Santos,Vera Aparecida dos
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Hepatitis B
Edidemiology
Serology
Mutation
topic Hepatitis B
Edidemiology
Serology
Mutation
description The global prevalence of hepatitis B virus is estimated to be 350 million chronic carriers, varying widely from low (<2%, as in Western Europe, North America, New Zealand, Australia, and Japan) to high (>8% as in Africa, Southeast Asia, and China). The overall prevalence in Brazil is about 8%. There are currently 7 genotypic variations, from A to G, and also 4 main surface antigen subtypes: adw, ayw, adr, and ayr. There has been great interest in identifying the geographic distribution and prognosis associated with the various genotypes and subtypes. Although the serologic test is highly sensitive and specific, it does not detect cases of mutant hepatitis B, which is increasingly common worldwide due to resistance and vaccine escape, antiviral therapy, and immunosuppression, among other causes. Alterations in surface, polymerase, X region, core, and precore genes have been described. The main mutations occur in surface and in core/precore genes, also known as occult hepatitis, since its serologic markers of active infection (HBsAg) and viral replication (HBeAg) can be negative. Thus, mutation should be suspected when serologic tests to hepatitis B show control of immunity or replication coincident with worsened clinical status and exclusion of other causes of hepatitis.
publishDate 2004
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2004-01-01
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0041-87812004000400011
url http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0041-87812004000400011
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv 10.1590/S0041-87812004000400011
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv text/html
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Faculdade de Medicina / Universidade de São Paulo - FM/USP
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Faculdade de Medicina / Universidade de São Paulo - FM/USP
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Revista do Hospital das Clínicas v.59 n.4 2004
reponame:Revista do Hospital das Clínicas
instname:Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
instacron:USP
instname_str Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
instacron_str USP
institution USP
reponame_str Revista do Hospital das Clínicas
collection Revista do Hospital das Clínicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv Revista do Hospital das Clínicas - Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv ||revista.hc@hcnet.usp.br
_version_ 1754820894819090432