Movement ecology and functional relationships in natural enemies of Spodoptera frugiperda
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2023 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
Texto Completo: | https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-11042023-144222/ |
Resumo: | Studying the nuances of an agroecosystem so that pest management programs involving the combination of transgenic plants and natural enemies are environmentally and economically sustainable is a great challenge. Therefore, this research aimed to study the interaction of management practices on the natural enemies of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), considering an agricultural scenario composed of Bt plants (Bacillus thuringiensis) and different genotypes of the pest. We conducted a study to investigate, firstly, whether different genotypes would interact differently with biological control agents, addressing specific predator-prey systems for the species in question. We carried out predation and functional response experiments in the laboratory with nymphs and adults of the predatory bug Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), on larvae of S. frugiperda resistant and susceptible to Bt toxins. Adults and nymphs showed a type II functional response, regardless of prey genotype. The predation dynamics was the same for both genotypes, however, the maximum predation was reached by adults facing susceptible prey. Nymphs spent ∽2.9 minutes to feed on larvae. The PCA analysis showed that the predation behavior of predators depends on the prey genotype. Our research also investigated how resistance in S. frugiperda occurs in areas of Bt and non-Bt maize, spatially arranged in bands and randomly, surrounded by grassy plants (Cynodon nlemfuensis), considering off-season periods. We used individual-based computational modeling to create the proposed landscape and entered the biological data of the pest along with the model. The results showed that the presence of grasses contributed to the reduction of the resistance allele in the field. Random (seed mixture) arrangements were favorable to the increase of resistant individuals in the field (95.86%). Arrangements in strips proved to be more efficient in managing resistance, but still allowed an increase of 82.10%. Off-season periods contributed both to the reduction of the population of S. frugiperda and to the reduction in the frequency of the resistance allele. Finally, still using computational modeling based on the individual, we studied the combination of pest management techniques: Bt and non-Bt plants, natural enemies of S. frugiperda and insecticides. Our goal was to understand how these tools act in resistance management and how this integration could affect natural enemies (parasitoids) and, consequently, their ecosystem services. The results showed that larger refuge zones benefit natural enemies and, at the same time, help to reduce the frequency of resistance in the field. On the other hand, these areas favored an increase in the population of pests in the field. Insecticides with 50 and 100% selectivity contributed to the permanence of parasitoids, along with refuge zones in proportions of 15 and 20%. The scenarios with the smallest refuge zone (5%) and 0% selectivity on natural enemies, had an increase in the frequency of initial resistance (1%) and, therefore, were considered inappropriate for pest management. |
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Movement ecology and functional relationships in natural enemies of Spodoptera frugiperdaEcologia do movimento e relações funcionais em inimigos naturais de Spodoptera frugiperdaBt cropsComputational modelingInimigos naturaisInsect resistanceModelagem computacionalNatural enemiesPlantas BtResistência de pragasStudying the nuances of an agroecosystem so that pest management programs involving the combination of transgenic plants and natural enemies are environmentally and economically sustainable is a great challenge. Therefore, this research aimed to study the interaction of management practices on the natural enemies of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), considering an agricultural scenario composed of Bt plants (Bacillus thuringiensis) and different genotypes of the pest. We conducted a study to investigate, firstly, whether different genotypes would interact differently with biological control agents, addressing specific predator-prey systems for the species in question. We carried out predation and functional response experiments in the laboratory with nymphs and adults of the predatory bug Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), on larvae of S. frugiperda resistant and susceptible to Bt toxins. Adults and nymphs showed a type II functional response, regardless of prey genotype. The predation dynamics was the same for both genotypes, however, the maximum predation was reached by adults facing susceptible prey. Nymphs spent ∽2.9 minutes to feed on larvae. The PCA analysis showed that the predation behavior of predators depends on the prey genotype. Our research also investigated how resistance in S. frugiperda occurs in areas of Bt and non-Bt maize, spatially arranged in bands and randomly, surrounded by grassy plants (Cynodon nlemfuensis), considering off-season periods. We used individual-based computational modeling to create the proposed landscape and entered the biological data of the pest along with the model. The results showed that the presence of grasses contributed to the reduction of the resistance allele in the field. Random (seed mixture) arrangements were favorable to the increase of resistant individuals in the field (95.86%). Arrangements in strips proved to be more efficient in managing resistance, but still allowed an increase of 82.10%. Off-season periods contributed both to the reduction of the population of S. frugiperda and to the reduction in the frequency of the resistance allele. Finally, still using computational modeling based on the individual, we studied the combination of pest management techniques: Bt and non-Bt plants, natural enemies of S. frugiperda and insecticides. Our goal was to understand how these tools act in resistance management and how this integration could affect natural enemies (parasitoids) and, consequently, their ecosystem services. The results showed that larger refuge zones benefit natural enemies and, at the same time, help to reduce the frequency of resistance in the field. On the other hand, these areas favored an increase in the population of pests in the field. Insecticides with 50 and 100% selectivity contributed to the permanence of parasitoids, along with refuge zones in proportions of 15 and 20%. The scenarios with the smallest refuge zone (5%) and 0% selectivity on natural enemies, had an increase in the frequency of initial resistance (1%) and, therefore, were considered inappropriate for pest management.Estudar as nuances de um agroecossistema para que programas de manejo de pragas envolvendo a combinação de plantas transgênicas e inimigos naturais seja sustentável ambientalmente e economicamente é um grande desafio. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar a interação de práticas de manejo sobre os inimigos naturais de Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), considerando um cenário agrícola composto de plantas Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) e diferentes genótipos da praga. Conduzimos um estudo para investigar, primeiramente, se diferentes genótipos interagiriam diferentemente com agentes de controle biológico, abordando sistemas predador-presa específicos para a espécie em questão. Realizamos experimentos de predação e resposta funcional em laboratório com ninfas e adultos do percevejo predador Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), sobre larvas de S. frugiperda resistentes e suscetíveis às toxinas Bt. Adultos e ninfas apresentaram resposta funcional do tipo II, independente do genótipo da presa. A dinâmica de predação também foi a mesma para ambos os genótipos, no entanto, a predação máxima foi atingida por adultos diante de presas suscetíveis. Ninfas levaram ∽2.9 minutos para se alimentar das larvas. A análise de PCA mostrou que o comportamento de predação dos predadores depende do genótipo da presa. A nossa pesquisa também investigou como a resistência em S. frugiperda ocorre em áreas de milho Bt e não-Bt, arranjadas espacialmente em faixas e de forma aleatória, cercadas de plantas gramíneas (Cynodon sp.), considerando períodos de entressafra. Utilizamos modelagem computacional baseada no indivíduo para criar a paisagem proposta e inserimos os dados biológicos da praga junto ao modelo. Os resultados mostraram que a presença de gramíneas contribuiu na diminuição do alelo de resistência em campo. Arranjos aleatórios foram favoráveis ao aumento de indivíduos resistentes no campo (95.86%). Arranjos em faixas mostraram ser mais eficientes no manejo da resistência, mas ainda assim possibilitaram um aumento de 82.10%. Períodos de entressafra contribuíram tanto para a redução da população de S. frugiperda, quanto para a redução da frequência do alelo de resistência. Por fim, ainda utilizando modelagem computacional baseada no indivíduo, estudamos a combinação de técnicas de manejo de pragas: plantas Bt, não-Bt, inimigos naturais de S. frugiperda e inseticidas. Nosso objetivo foi entender como essas ferramentas atuam no manejo da resistência e de que maneira essa integração poderia afetar os inimigos naturais (parasitoides) e, consequentemente, seus serviços ecossistêmicos. Os resultados mostraram que zonas de refúgio maiores beneficiam os inimigos naturais e, ao mesmo tempo, auxiliam na redução da frequência de resistência em campo. Por outro lado, essas áreas favoreceram o aumento da população de pragas em campo. Inseticidas com 50 e 100% de seletividade contribuíram com a permanência de parasitoides, juntamente com zonas de refúgios nas proporções de 15 e 20%. Os cenários com menor zona de refúgios (5%) e seletividade de 0% sobre os inimigos naturais, tiveram aumento na frequência de resistência inicial (1%) e, portanto, foram consideradas inapropriados para o manejo de pragas.Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USPGodoy, Wesley Augusto CondeTomé, Maysa Pereira2023-02-03info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisapplication/pdfhttps://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-11042023-144222/reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USPinstname:Universidade de São Paulo (USP)instacron:USPReter o conteúdo por motivos de patente, publicação e/ou direitos autoriais.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesseng2023-09-01T20:57:44Zoai:teses.usp.br:tde-11042023-144222Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttp://www.teses.usp.br/PUBhttp://www.teses.usp.br/cgi-bin/mtd2br.plvirginia@if.usp.br|| atendimento@aguia.usp.br||virginia@if.usp.bropendoar:27212023-09-01T20:57:44Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP - Universidade de São Paulo (USP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Movement ecology and functional relationships in natural enemies of Spodoptera frugiperda Ecologia do movimento e relações funcionais em inimigos naturais de Spodoptera frugiperda |
title |
Movement ecology and functional relationships in natural enemies of Spodoptera frugiperda |
spellingShingle |
Movement ecology and functional relationships in natural enemies of Spodoptera frugiperda Tomé, Maysa Pereira Bt crops Computational modeling Inimigos naturais Insect resistance Modelagem computacional Natural enemies Plantas Bt Resistência de pragas |
title_short |
Movement ecology and functional relationships in natural enemies of Spodoptera frugiperda |
title_full |
Movement ecology and functional relationships in natural enemies of Spodoptera frugiperda |
title_fullStr |
Movement ecology and functional relationships in natural enemies of Spodoptera frugiperda |
title_full_unstemmed |
Movement ecology and functional relationships in natural enemies of Spodoptera frugiperda |
title_sort |
Movement ecology and functional relationships in natural enemies of Spodoptera frugiperda |
author |
Tomé, Maysa Pereira |
author_facet |
Tomé, Maysa Pereira |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Godoy, Wesley Augusto Conde |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Tomé, Maysa Pereira |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Bt crops Computational modeling Inimigos naturais Insect resistance Modelagem computacional Natural enemies Plantas Bt Resistência de pragas |
topic |
Bt crops Computational modeling Inimigos naturais Insect resistance Modelagem computacional Natural enemies Plantas Bt Resistência de pragas |
description |
Studying the nuances of an agroecosystem so that pest management programs involving the combination of transgenic plants and natural enemies are environmentally and economically sustainable is a great challenge. Therefore, this research aimed to study the interaction of management practices on the natural enemies of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), considering an agricultural scenario composed of Bt plants (Bacillus thuringiensis) and different genotypes of the pest. We conducted a study to investigate, firstly, whether different genotypes would interact differently with biological control agents, addressing specific predator-prey systems for the species in question. We carried out predation and functional response experiments in the laboratory with nymphs and adults of the predatory bug Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), on larvae of S. frugiperda resistant and susceptible to Bt toxins. Adults and nymphs showed a type II functional response, regardless of prey genotype. The predation dynamics was the same for both genotypes, however, the maximum predation was reached by adults facing susceptible prey. Nymphs spent ∽2.9 minutes to feed on larvae. The PCA analysis showed that the predation behavior of predators depends on the prey genotype. Our research also investigated how resistance in S. frugiperda occurs in areas of Bt and non-Bt maize, spatially arranged in bands and randomly, surrounded by grassy plants (Cynodon nlemfuensis), considering off-season periods. We used individual-based computational modeling to create the proposed landscape and entered the biological data of the pest along with the model. The results showed that the presence of grasses contributed to the reduction of the resistance allele in the field. Random (seed mixture) arrangements were favorable to the increase of resistant individuals in the field (95.86%). Arrangements in strips proved to be more efficient in managing resistance, but still allowed an increase of 82.10%. Off-season periods contributed both to the reduction of the population of S. frugiperda and to the reduction in the frequency of the resistance allele. Finally, still using computational modeling based on the individual, we studied the combination of pest management techniques: Bt and non-Bt plants, natural enemies of S. frugiperda and insecticides. Our goal was to understand how these tools act in resistance management and how this integration could affect natural enemies (parasitoids) and, consequently, their ecosystem services. The results showed that larger refuge zones benefit natural enemies and, at the same time, help to reduce the frequency of resistance in the field. On the other hand, these areas favored an increase in the population of pests in the field. Insecticides with 50 and 100% selectivity contributed to the permanence of parasitoids, along with refuge zones in proportions of 15 and 20%. The scenarios with the smallest refuge zone (5%) and 0% selectivity on natural enemies, had an increase in the frequency of initial resistance (1%) and, therefore, were considered inappropriate for pest management. |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-02-03 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-11042023-144222/ |
url |
https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-11042023-144222/ |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Reter o conteúdo por motivos de patente, publicação e/ou direitos autoriais. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Reter o conteúdo por motivos de patente, publicação e/ou direitos autoriais. |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.coverage.none.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP instname:Universidade de São Paulo (USP) instacron:USP |
instname_str |
Universidade de São Paulo (USP) |
instacron_str |
USP |
institution |
USP |
reponame_str |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
collection |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP - Universidade de São Paulo (USP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
virginia@if.usp.br|| atendimento@aguia.usp.br||virginia@if.usp.br |
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1809090612328136704 |