Evolution of the skull shape in extinct and extant turtles
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
Texto Completo: | https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59139/tde-24062021-095708/ |
Resumo: | The interplay between form and function (ecomorphology) is a long-standing topic of interest concerning the evolution of the vertebrate skull, with shape being proposed to correlate with factors such as habitat or diet for several groups. Here, I test the hypothesis that different ecological aspects of turtle\'s natural history correlate to their skull shape and use the results of extant taxa to predict the presence of such aspects in their extinct relatives. To accomplish this, I employed geometric morphometrics and multivariate phylogenetic methods to a dataset comprising 93 three-dimensional models of turtle skulls obtained with computed tomography. I found evidence that the skull morphology of extant turtles is structured by allometry, neck retraction, marine habits, and a set of dietary traits including suction-feeding, herbivory and durophagy. When used to infer ecological traits in extinct species, some predictions corroborated previous literature assumptions, such as durophagy in the stem-turtle Eubaena, and marine habits in stemcheloniids. I showed that members of extinct marine groups convergently acquired ecological traits that are similar to those of some extant sea turtles. These include the absence of neck retraction, the presence of herbivory in some extinct nearshore pelomedusoids, and suction-feeding similar to the extant leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea among bothremydids, angolachelonians, and likely also in the protostegid Desmatochelys. Overall, my results show an association of multiple ecological factors act in parallel to shape the turtle skull and provide further evidence for the influence of neck retraction capability on it. In addition, I infer previously non-hypothesised features for extinct marine clades, illustrating remarkable instances of convergence during adaptation to marine ecosystems throughout the evolutionary history of turtles. |
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Evolution of the skull shape in extinct and extant turtlesEvolução da forma do crânio em tartarugas extintas e viventesComputed tomographyEcomorfologiaEcomorphologyGeometric morphometricsMétodos filogenéticos comparativosMorfometria geométricaPhylogenetic comparative methodsTartarugasTomografia computadorizadaTurtlesThe interplay between form and function (ecomorphology) is a long-standing topic of interest concerning the evolution of the vertebrate skull, with shape being proposed to correlate with factors such as habitat or diet for several groups. Here, I test the hypothesis that different ecological aspects of turtle\'s natural history correlate to their skull shape and use the results of extant taxa to predict the presence of such aspects in their extinct relatives. To accomplish this, I employed geometric morphometrics and multivariate phylogenetic methods to a dataset comprising 93 three-dimensional models of turtle skulls obtained with computed tomography. I found evidence that the skull morphology of extant turtles is structured by allometry, neck retraction, marine habits, and a set of dietary traits including suction-feeding, herbivory and durophagy. When used to infer ecological traits in extinct species, some predictions corroborated previous literature assumptions, such as durophagy in the stem-turtle Eubaena, and marine habits in stemcheloniids. I showed that members of extinct marine groups convergently acquired ecological traits that are similar to those of some extant sea turtles. These include the absence of neck retraction, the presence of herbivory in some extinct nearshore pelomedusoids, and suction-feeding similar to the extant leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea among bothremydids, angolachelonians, and likely also in the protostegid Desmatochelys. Overall, my results show an association of multiple ecological factors act in parallel to shape the turtle skull and provide further evidence for the influence of neck retraction capability on it. In addition, I infer previously non-hypothesised features for extinct marine clades, illustrating remarkable instances of convergence during adaptation to marine ecosystems throughout the evolutionary history of turtles.A interação entre forma e função (ecomorfologia) é, de longa data, um tema de interesse no que diz respeito à evolução do crânio de vertebrados, tendo sido proposto que sua forma possui correlações com fatores como habitat ou dieta para diversos grupos. No presente trabalho, testa-se a hipótese de que diferentes aspectos ecológicos da história natural de tartarugas guardam relação com sua forma craniana e, a partir dos resultados para espécies viventes, infere-se a presença de tais aspectos em suas formas fósseis aparentadas. Para sua realização, empregou-se morfometria geométrica e métodos filogenéticos multivariados em uma base de dados de 93 modelos tridimensionais de crânios de tartaruga, obtidos com o auxílio de tomografia computadorizada. Encontrouse evidência que a morfologia do crânio de tartarugas viventes é estruturada por alometria, capacidade de retração do pescoço, hábitos marinhos, e um conjunto de características relacionadas à dieta, como o uso de alimentação por sucção, herbivoria e durofagia. Quando usadas para inferir aspectos ecológicos de espécies extintas, algumas predições corroboraram suposições prévias da literatura, como a presença de hábitos durófagos na tartaruga-estemática Eubaena e hábitos marinhos em linhagens extintas de queloniídeos, além de mostrar que membros de grupos marinhos fósseis exibiam características ecológicas convergentes às de algumas tartarugas-marinhas viventes. Por exemplo, a ausência de retração do pescoço, herbivoria em alguns pelomedusóideos litorâneos, e alimentação por sucção semelhante à da tartaruga-de-couro Dermochelys em grupos como bothremidídeos, angolaquelônios e provavelmente no protostegídeo Desmatochelys. De maneira geral, os resultados mostram que uma associação de fatores ecológicos múltiplos age em conjunto moldando o crânio de tartarugas, e fornecem mais evidência a respeito da influência da capacidade de retração do pescoço. Adicionalmente, infere-se características ecológicas para linhagens marinhas previamente não consideradas, ilustrando notáveis exemplos de convergência durante a adaptação a ecossistemas marinhos ao longo da história evolutiva de tartarugas.Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USPLanger, Max CardosoSouza, Guilherme Hermanson2021-03-22info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttps://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59139/tde-24062021-095708/reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USPinstname:Universidade de São Paulo (USP)instacron:USPLiberar o conteúdo para acesso público.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesseng2021-06-25T17:34:02Zoai:teses.usp.br:tde-24062021-095708Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttp://www.teses.usp.br/PUBhttp://www.teses.usp.br/cgi-bin/mtd2br.plvirginia@if.usp.br|| atendimento@aguia.usp.br||virginia@if.usp.bropendoar:27212021-06-25T17:34:02Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP - Universidade de São Paulo (USP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Evolution of the skull shape in extinct and extant turtles Evolução da forma do crânio em tartarugas extintas e viventes |
title |
Evolution of the skull shape in extinct and extant turtles |
spellingShingle |
Evolution of the skull shape in extinct and extant turtles Souza, Guilherme Hermanson Computed tomography Ecomorfologia Ecomorphology Geometric morphometrics Métodos filogenéticos comparativos Morfometria geométrica Phylogenetic comparative methods Tartarugas Tomografia computadorizada Turtles |
title_short |
Evolution of the skull shape in extinct and extant turtles |
title_full |
Evolution of the skull shape in extinct and extant turtles |
title_fullStr |
Evolution of the skull shape in extinct and extant turtles |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evolution of the skull shape in extinct and extant turtles |
title_sort |
Evolution of the skull shape in extinct and extant turtles |
author |
Souza, Guilherme Hermanson |
author_facet |
Souza, Guilherme Hermanson |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Langer, Max Cardoso |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Souza, Guilherme Hermanson |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Computed tomography Ecomorfologia Ecomorphology Geometric morphometrics Métodos filogenéticos comparativos Morfometria geométrica Phylogenetic comparative methods Tartarugas Tomografia computadorizada Turtles |
topic |
Computed tomography Ecomorfologia Ecomorphology Geometric morphometrics Métodos filogenéticos comparativos Morfometria geométrica Phylogenetic comparative methods Tartarugas Tomografia computadorizada Turtles |
description |
The interplay between form and function (ecomorphology) is a long-standing topic of interest concerning the evolution of the vertebrate skull, with shape being proposed to correlate with factors such as habitat or diet for several groups. Here, I test the hypothesis that different ecological aspects of turtle\'s natural history correlate to their skull shape and use the results of extant taxa to predict the presence of such aspects in their extinct relatives. To accomplish this, I employed geometric morphometrics and multivariate phylogenetic methods to a dataset comprising 93 three-dimensional models of turtle skulls obtained with computed tomography. I found evidence that the skull morphology of extant turtles is structured by allometry, neck retraction, marine habits, and a set of dietary traits including suction-feeding, herbivory and durophagy. When used to infer ecological traits in extinct species, some predictions corroborated previous literature assumptions, such as durophagy in the stem-turtle Eubaena, and marine habits in stemcheloniids. I showed that members of extinct marine groups convergently acquired ecological traits that are similar to those of some extant sea turtles. These include the absence of neck retraction, the presence of herbivory in some extinct nearshore pelomedusoids, and suction-feeding similar to the extant leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea among bothremydids, angolachelonians, and likely also in the protostegid Desmatochelys. Overall, my results show an association of multiple ecological factors act in parallel to shape the turtle skull and provide further evidence for the influence of neck retraction capability on it. In addition, I infer previously non-hypothesised features for extinct marine clades, illustrating remarkable instances of convergence during adaptation to marine ecosystems throughout the evolutionary history of turtles. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-03-22 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59139/tde-24062021-095708/ |
url |
https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59139/tde-24062021-095708/ |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Liberar o conteúdo para acesso público. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Liberar o conteúdo para acesso público. |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.coverage.none.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP instname:Universidade de São Paulo (USP) instacron:USP |
instname_str |
Universidade de São Paulo (USP) |
instacron_str |
USP |
institution |
USP |
reponame_str |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
collection |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP - Universidade de São Paulo (USP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
virginia@if.usp.br|| atendimento@aguia.usp.br||virginia@if.usp.br |
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1809091043621076992 |