Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics as affected by crop diversification and nitrogen fertilization under grain production systems in the Cerrado region
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2020 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
Texto Completo: | https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-14012021-132405/ |
Resumo: | The agriculture has been largely responsible for soils C emissions mainly through land use change (LUC) from native vegetation (NV) to agrosystem. Despite that, Brazil is reference on soil (and crop) science and technology in agriculture towards sustainability and food security policies. The best example of the recent development of Brazilian agriculture was the transformation of Cerrado ecosystems from a non-fit agricultural land to a current major global breadbasket due to advanced management practices such as no-tillage, double cropping, proper fertilization and high-performance machinery. In this scenario of land use change (+ C emissions) and adoption of high-tech conservation agriculture (- C emissions) in Cerrado that long-term experiments were evaluated for: i) soil structure assessment through laboratory analyses and the visual evaluation of soil structure (VESS); ii) nutrient storage quantification through the soil C and N pools at depth, and iii) C dynamics understanding through modelling the decomposition kinetics of 14C-labelled substrates. The soil structure assessment reveled that the LUC from Cerrado to soybean and maize production systems (SMPS) negatively affected the soil structural quality and the physical properties, regardless of management practice and soil layer. Also, a slight decline in soil physical quality was detected (0-0.2 m) in SMPS related to the machinery operations required to manage a more diverse crop sequence. The VESS approach successfully identified changes in the soil structure induced by the soil use and management whereas laboratory analyses detected changes in specific functions associated to porosity and water dynamic. The quantification of soil C and N storage showed that the conversion from NV to SMPS lead to a soil C and N depletion stressed at 0-0.2 m layer for total stocks and down to 1.0 m for dissolved stocks. Although we had no differences on soil C and N for total stocks between SMPS treatments, the long-term mineralization assay indicates that the effects might be evident on field experiment further up. The C decomposition dynamics varied mostly within layers, substrates and priming than site, agroecosystems, and nutrient availability. On average, higher C use efficiency (CUE) were found under SMPS, subsoils samples and cellulose application as response of soil microbial community. Priming demonstrated that the initial lag-phase on decomposition kinetics of subsoils were probably related to dormant microorganisms instead of minor microbial biomass and low nutrient availability in Oxisols. Overall, the conversion from NV to SMPS promotes depletion of soil functions (i.e., physical structure, stocks, and nutrient cycling). On the other hand, the soybean-maize succession is a successful grain production system providing two harvesting every year while holding the soil C and N stocks suitable for SMPS. Ultimately, the SMPS in Cerrado have great potential for C stabilization mostly in subsoil. |
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Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics as affected by crop diversification and nitrogen fertilization under grain production systems in the Cerrado regionDinâmica do carbono e nitrogênio do solo afetada pela diversificação de culturas e fertilização nitrogenada em sistemas de produção de grãos na região do Cerrado14C-labelled substrates14C-substratosCarbon dynamicsDinâmica do carbonoEstoque de nutrientesEstrutura do soloNutrient stocksSoil structureThe agriculture has been largely responsible for soils C emissions mainly through land use change (LUC) from native vegetation (NV) to agrosystem. Despite that, Brazil is reference on soil (and crop) science and technology in agriculture towards sustainability and food security policies. The best example of the recent development of Brazilian agriculture was the transformation of Cerrado ecosystems from a non-fit agricultural land to a current major global breadbasket due to advanced management practices such as no-tillage, double cropping, proper fertilization and high-performance machinery. In this scenario of land use change (+ C emissions) and adoption of high-tech conservation agriculture (- C emissions) in Cerrado that long-term experiments were evaluated for: i) soil structure assessment through laboratory analyses and the visual evaluation of soil structure (VESS); ii) nutrient storage quantification through the soil C and N pools at depth, and iii) C dynamics understanding through modelling the decomposition kinetics of 14C-labelled substrates. The soil structure assessment reveled that the LUC from Cerrado to soybean and maize production systems (SMPS) negatively affected the soil structural quality and the physical properties, regardless of management practice and soil layer. Also, a slight decline in soil physical quality was detected (0-0.2 m) in SMPS related to the machinery operations required to manage a more diverse crop sequence. The VESS approach successfully identified changes in the soil structure induced by the soil use and management whereas laboratory analyses detected changes in specific functions associated to porosity and water dynamic. The quantification of soil C and N storage showed that the conversion from NV to SMPS lead to a soil C and N depletion stressed at 0-0.2 m layer for total stocks and down to 1.0 m for dissolved stocks. Although we had no differences on soil C and N for total stocks between SMPS treatments, the long-term mineralization assay indicates that the effects might be evident on field experiment further up. The C decomposition dynamics varied mostly within layers, substrates and priming than site, agroecosystems, and nutrient availability. On average, higher C use efficiency (CUE) were found under SMPS, subsoils samples and cellulose application as response of soil microbial community. Priming demonstrated that the initial lag-phase on decomposition kinetics of subsoils were probably related to dormant microorganisms instead of minor microbial biomass and low nutrient availability in Oxisols. Overall, the conversion from NV to SMPS promotes depletion of soil functions (i.e., physical structure, stocks, and nutrient cycling). On the other hand, the soybean-maize succession is a successful grain production system providing two harvesting every year while holding the soil C and N stocks suitable for SMPS. Ultimately, the SMPS in Cerrado have great potential for C stabilization mostly in subsoil.A agricultura tem sido amplamente responsável pelas emissões de C dos solos, principalmente por meio da mudança de uso da terra (LUC) de vegetação nativa (NV) para agrossistemas. Apesar disso, o Brasil é referência em ciência e tecnologia na agricultura com diretrizes políticas de sustentabilidade e segurança alimentar. O melhor exemplo de desenvolvimento recente da agricultura brasileira foi a transformação dos ecossistemas do Cerrado, convertendo-se de área agrícola marginal para um grande celeiro global devido às práticas de manejo avançadas, como plantio direto, sucessão e rotação de culturas, fertilização adequada e maquinário de alto rendimento. Neste cenário de mudança de uso do solo (+ emissões de C) e adoção de agricultura conservacionista de alta tecnologia (- emissões de C) no Cerrado, experimentos de longo prazo foram estudados para: i) avaliação da estrutura do solo através de análises laboratoriais e visual evaluation os soil structure (VESS); ii) quantificação dos estoques de frações orgânicas e inorgânicas de C e N em profundidade no solo, e iii) compreensão da dinâmica do C por meio da modelagem da cinética de decomposição de 14C-substratos. A avaliação da estrutura do solo revelou que a LUC do Cerrado para os sistemas de produção de soja e milho (SMPS) afetou negativamente a qualidade estrutural do solo e suas propriedades físicas, independentemente da prática de manejo e camada do solo. Um ligeiro declínio na qualidade física do solo foi detectado (0-0,2 m) no SMPS, relacionado às operações de maquinário necessárias para manejar tratamentos sob rotação/sucessão de cultura. O VESS identificou com sucesso as mudanças na estrutura do solo induzidas pelo uso e manejo do solo, enquanto análises laboratoriais detectaram mudanças em funções específicas associadas à porosidade e dinâmica da água. A quantificação de C e N no solo mostrou que a conversão de NV para SMPS levou à diminuição desses estoques no solo acentuado na camada de 0-0,2 m para estoques totais e até 1,0 m para estoques dissolvidos. Embora não houve diferenças no C e N do solo para os estoques totais entre os tratamentos de SMPS, o ensaio de mineralização de longo prazo indica que os efeitos poderão ser verificados no experimento de campo no longo prazo. A dinâmica de decomposição de C variou principalmente dentro dos fatores camadas, substratos e priming, e menos em local, agroecossistemas e disponibilidade de nutrientes. Em média, maior eficiência de uso de C (CUE) foi encontrada sob SMPS, amostras de subsolo e aplicação de celulose, como resposta da comunidade microbiana do solo. O priming demonstrou que a lag-phase inicial na cinética de decomposição do subsolo estava provavelmente relacionada a microrganismos dormentes em vez de reduzida biomassa microbiana e baixa disponibilidade de nutrientes em Latossolos. Em geral, a conversão de NV para SMPS promove a depleção das funções do solo (i.e. estrutura física, estoques e ciclagem de nutrientes). Por outro lado, a sucessão soja-milho é um sistema de produção de grãos bem-sucedido, proporcionando duas colheitas a cada ano agrícola enquanto mantém os estoques de C e N do solo adequados ao SMPS. Em última análise, o SMPS no Cerrado tem grande potencial para aumentar a estabilização de C principalmente no subsolo.Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USPOtto, RafaelSattolo, Thales Meinl Schmiedt2020-12-14info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisapplication/pdfhttps://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-14012021-132405/reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USPinstname:Universidade de São Paulo (USP)instacron:USPLiberar o conteúdo para acesso público.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesseng2021-01-15T20:56:02Zoai:teses.usp.br:tde-14012021-132405Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttp://www.teses.usp.br/PUBhttp://www.teses.usp.br/cgi-bin/mtd2br.plvirginia@if.usp.br|| atendimento@aguia.usp.br||virginia@if.usp.bropendoar:27212021-01-15T20:56:02Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP - Universidade de São Paulo (USP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics as affected by crop diversification and nitrogen fertilization under grain production systems in the Cerrado region Dinâmica do carbono e nitrogênio do solo afetada pela diversificação de culturas e fertilização nitrogenada em sistemas de produção de grãos na região do Cerrado |
title |
Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics as affected by crop diversification and nitrogen fertilization under grain production systems in the Cerrado region |
spellingShingle |
Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics as affected by crop diversification and nitrogen fertilization under grain production systems in the Cerrado region Sattolo, Thales Meinl Schmiedt 14C-labelled substrates 14C-substratos Carbon dynamics Dinâmica do carbono Estoque de nutrientes Estrutura do solo Nutrient stocks Soil structure |
title_short |
Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics as affected by crop diversification and nitrogen fertilization under grain production systems in the Cerrado region |
title_full |
Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics as affected by crop diversification and nitrogen fertilization under grain production systems in the Cerrado region |
title_fullStr |
Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics as affected by crop diversification and nitrogen fertilization under grain production systems in the Cerrado region |
title_full_unstemmed |
Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics as affected by crop diversification and nitrogen fertilization under grain production systems in the Cerrado region |
title_sort |
Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics as affected by crop diversification and nitrogen fertilization under grain production systems in the Cerrado region |
author |
Sattolo, Thales Meinl Schmiedt |
author_facet |
Sattolo, Thales Meinl Schmiedt |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Otto, Rafael |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Sattolo, Thales Meinl Schmiedt |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
14C-labelled substrates 14C-substratos Carbon dynamics Dinâmica do carbono Estoque de nutrientes Estrutura do solo Nutrient stocks Soil structure |
topic |
14C-labelled substrates 14C-substratos Carbon dynamics Dinâmica do carbono Estoque de nutrientes Estrutura do solo Nutrient stocks Soil structure |
description |
The agriculture has been largely responsible for soils C emissions mainly through land use change (LUC) from native vegetation (NV) to agrosystem. Despite that, Brazil is reference on soil (and crop) science and technology in agriculture towards sustainability and food security policies. The best example of the recent development of Brazilian agriculture was the transformation of Cerrado ecosystems from a non-fit agricultural land to a current major global breadbasket due to advanced management practices such as no-tillage, double cropping, proper fertilization and high-performance machinery. In this scenario of land use change (+ C emissions) and adoption of high-tech conservation agriculture (- C emissions) in Cerrado that long-term experiments were evaluated for: i) soil structure assessment through laboratory analyses and the visual evaluation of soil structure (VESS); ii) nutrient storage quantification through the soil C and N pools at depth, and iii) C dynamics understanding through modelling the decomposition kinetics of 14C-labelled substrates. The soil structure assessment reveled that the LUC from Cerrado to soybean and maize production systems (SMPS) negatively affected the soil structural quality and the physical properties, regardless of management practice and soil layer. Also, a slight decline in soil physical quality was detected (0-0.2 m) in SMPS related to the machinery operations required to manage a more diverse crop sequence. The VESS approach successfully identified changes in the soil structure induced by the soil use and management whereas laboratory analyses detected changes in specific functions associated to porosity and water dynamic. The quantification of soil C and N storage showed that the conversion from NV to SMPS lead to a soil C and N depletion stressed at 0-0.2 m layer for total stocks and down to 1.0 m for dissolved stocks. Although we had no differences on soil C and N for total stocks between SMPS treatments, the long-term mineralization assay indicates that the effects might be evident on field experiment further up. The C decomposition dynamics varied mostly within layers, substrates and priming than site, agroecosystems, and nutrient availability. On average, higher C use efficiency (CUE) were found under SMPS, subsoils samples and cellulose application as response of soil microbial community. Priming demonstrated that the initial lag-phase on decomposition kinetics of subsoils were probably related to dormant microorganisms instead of minor microbial biomass and low nutrient availability in Oxisols. Overall, the conversion from NV to SMPS promotes depletion of soil functions (i.e., physical structure, stocks, and nutrient cycling). On the other hand, the soybean-maize succession is a successful grain production system providing two harvesting every year while holding the soil C and N stocks suitable for SMPS. Ultimately, the SMPS in Cerrado have great potential for C stabilization mostly in subsoil. |
publishDate |
2020 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-12-14 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-14012021-132405/ |
url |
https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-14012021-132405/ |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Liberar o conteúdo para acesso público. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Liberar o conteúdo para acesso público. |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.coverage.none.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP instname:Universidade de São Paulo (USP) instacron:USP |
instname_str |
Universidade de São Paulo (USP) |
instacron_str |
USP |
institution |
USP |
reponame_str |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
collection |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP - Universidade de São Paulo (USP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
virginia@if.usp.br|| atendimento@aguia.usp.br||virginia@if.usp.br |
_version_ |
1809090700780765184 |