Forage accumulation and nutritive value, canopy structure and grazing losses on Mulato II brachiariagrass under continuous and rotational stocking
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2018 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
Texto Completo: | http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-10102018-135506/ |
Resumo: | Regardless of studies demonstrating that continuous and rotational stocking can promote equivalent animal productivities, rotational stocking is still commonly associated with the idea of intensification of production systems. Moreover, studies evaluating agronomic responses of plants to stocking methods are scarce. The objectives of the present study were to explain the effects of three stocking methods (continuous stocking - CS, lenient rotational stocking - LRS, and severe rotational stocking - SRS), combined by factorial combinations with two mean canopy heights (20 and 30 cm), on forage accumulation (FA) and nutritive value, canopy structure, and grazing losses (GL) of Mulato II brachiariagrass during the 2016/2017 summer rainy season in Piracicaba, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. Stocking methods were imposed by height variations around the two mean canopy heights: 10% (mimicked continuous stocking), 25% (lenient rotational stocking), and 40% (severe rotational stocking), applied using a mob stocking protocol. Forage neutral detergent fiber concentration (NDF), stem proportion in the forage mass (FM) and leaf area index (LAI) under continuous stocking and at pre-grazing under rotational stocking were affected by the mean canopy height × stocking method interaction. Forage in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) and crude protein (CP) concentrations under continuous stocking and at pre-grazing under rotational stocking were affected by mean canopy height and stocking method. Leaf and dead material proportions in the FM under continuous stocking and at pre-grazing under rotational stocking were only affected by stocking method. Forage accumulation (8363 ± 1578 kg DM ha-1) and GL (5305 ± 585 kg DM ha-1) did not differ between treatments. For the 20-cm mean canopy height, CS, despite presenting the least LAI (3.3) and the greatest stem proportion in the FM (30%), promoted the least forage NDF concentration (531 g kg-1 DM). For the 30-cm mean canopy height, CS promoted the least forage NDF concentration (535 g kg-1 DM), SRS presented the greatest LAI (8.9), and LRS presented the least stem proportion in the FM (31%). Continuous stocking, despite presenting the least leaf proportion (32 %) and the greatest dead material proportion (35 %) in the FM, promoted the greatest forage IVDOM (609 g kg-1 DM) and CP (150 g kg-1 DM) concentrations. Severe rotational stocking, despite presenting the least dead material proportion (24 %) and the greatest leaf proportion (46%) in the FM, promoted the least forage IVDOM concentration (549 g kg-1 DM). Lenient rotational stocking, presented intermediate leaf (42 %) and dead material (29 %) proportions in the FM, and did not differ from the other stocking methods on forage IVDOM concentration (574 g kg-1 DM). In general, as mean canopy height decreased, LAI (from 6.6 to 4.8), dead material proportion in the FM (from 33 to 28 %) and forage NDF concentration (from 570 to 545 g kg-1 DM) declined, while forage IVDOM (from 554 to 600 g kg-1 DM) and CP (from 128 to 146 g kg-1 DM) concentrations increased. |
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Forage accumulation and nutritive value, canopy structure and grazing losses on Mulato II brachiariagrass under continuous and rotational stockingAcúmulo e valor nutritivo da forragem, estrutura do dossel e perdas em pastejo em capim Mulato II sob lotação contínua e intermitenteBrachiaria híbridaBrachiaria hybridUrochloa spp.Urochloa spp.Altura de dosselCanopy heightConvert HD 364Convert HD 364Grazing intensityGrazing managementGrazing severityIntensidade de desfolhaçãoManejo do pastejoMétodo de lotaçãoSeveridad de desfolhaçãoStocking methodRegardless of studies demonstrating that continuous and rotational stocking can promote equivalent animal productivities, rotational stocking is still commonly associated with the idea of intensification of production systems. Moreover, studies evaluating agronomic responses of plants to stocking methods are scarce. The objectives of the present study were to explain the effects of three stocking methods (continuous stocking - CS, lenient rotational stocking - LRS, and severe rotational stocking - SRS), combined by factorial combinations with two mean canopy heights (20 and 30 cm), on forage accumulation (FA) and nutritive value, canopy structure, and grazing losses (GL) of Mulato II brachiariagrass during the 2016/2017 summer rainy season in Piracicaba, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. Stocking methods were imposed by height variations around the two mean canopy heights: 10% (mimicked continuous stocking), 25% (lenient rotational stocking), and 40% (severe rotational stocking), applied using a mob stocking protocol. Forage neutral detergent fiber concentration (NDF), stem proportion in the forage mass (FM) and leaf area index (LAI) under continuous stocking and at pre-grazing under rotational stocking were affected by the mean canopy height × stocking method interaction. Forage in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) and crude protein (CP) concentrations under continuous stocking and at pre-grazing under rotational stocking were affected by mean canopy height and stocking method. Leaf and dead material proportions in the FM under continuous stocking and at pre-grazing under rotational stocking were only affected by stocking method. Forage accumulation (8363 ± 1578 kg DM ha-1) and GL (5305 ± 585 kg DM ha-1) did not differ between treatments. For the 20-cm mean canopy height, CS, despite presenting the least LAI (3.3) and the greatest stem proportion in the FM (30%), promoted the least forage NDF concentration (531 g kg-1 DM). For the 30-cm mean canopy height, CS promoted the least forage NDF concentration (535 g kg-1 DM), SRS presented the greatest LAI (8.9), and LRS presented the least stem proportion in the FM (31%). Continuous stocking, despite presenting the least leaf proportion (32 %) and the greatest dead material proportion (35 %) in the FM, promoted the greatest forage IVDOM (609 g kg-1 DM) and CP (150 g kg-1 DM) concentrations. Severe rotational stocking, despite presenting the least dead material proportion (24 %) and the greatest leaf proportion (46%) in the FM, promoted the least forage IVDOM concentration (549 g kg-1 DM). Lenient rotational stocking, presented intermediate leaf (42 %) and dead material (29 %) proportions in the FM, and did not differ from the other stocking methods on forage IVDOM concentration (574 g kg-1 DM). In general, as mean canopy height decreased, LAI (from 6.6 to 4.8), dead material proportion in the FM (from 33 to 28 %) and forage NDF concentration (from 570 to 545 g kg-1 DM) declined, while forage IVDOM (from 554 to 600 g kg-1 DM) and CP (from 128 to 146 g kg-1 DM) concentrations increased.Apesar de estudos demonstrarem que métodos de lotação contínua e rotativa podem promover níveis de produtividade animal equivalentes, a lotação rotativa permanece comumente associada à ideia de intensificação de sistemas de produção. Além disso, estudos agronômicos de respostas de plantas forrageiras aos métodos de lotação são escassos. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram explicar os efeitos de três métodos de lotação (lotação contínua - LC, lotação rotativa leniente - LRL e lotação rotativa severa - LRS) combinadas em arranjo fatorial com duas alturas médias de dossel (20 e 30 cm), sobre o acúmulo e valor nutritivo da forragem, estrutura de dossel e perdas de forragem por pastejo (PP) em pastos de capim Mulato II durante o verão agrostológico de 2016/2017 em Piracicaba, SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completos cazualisados, com três repetições. Os métodos de lotação foram impostos por variações de 10% (lotação contínua mimetizada), 25% (lotação rotativa leniente) e 40% (lotação rotativa severa) em torno das duas alturas médias de dossel, aplicadas com o protocolo experimental do tipo \"mob stocking\". A concentração de fibra em detergente neutro da forragem (FDN), a proporção de colmos na massa de forragem (MF) e o índice de área foliar (IAF) do dossel sob lotação contínua e em pré-pastejo sob lotação rotativa foram afetados pela interação altura média de dossel × método de lotação. A digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica (DIVMO) e a concentração de proteína bruta (PB) da forragem sob lotação contínua e em pré-pastejo sob lotação rotativa foram afetados por altura média de dossel e por método de lotação. As proporções de folhas e material morto na MF sob lotação contínua e em pré-pastejo sob lotação rotativa foram afetadas apenas por método de lotação. Acúmulo de forragem (8363 ± 1578 kg MS ha-1) e PP (5305 ± 585 kg MS ha-1) não diferiram entre os tratamentos. Para a altura média de dossel de 20 cm, LC promoveu a menor concentração de FDN da forragem (531g kg-1 MS), apesar de apresentar os menores valores de IAF (3,3) e a maior proporção de colmos na MF (30 %). Para a altura média de dossel de 30 cm, LC promoveu a menor concentração de FDN da forragem (535 g kg-1 MS), LRS apresentou o maior valor de IAF (8,9) e LRL apresentou a menor proporção de colmos na MF (31 %). Lotação contínua, apesar de apresentar a menor proporção de folhas (32 %) e a maior proporção de material morto (35 %) na MF, promoveu a maior DIVMO (609 g kg-1 MS) e a maior concentração de PB (150 g kg-1 MS) da forragem. Lotação rotativa severa, apesar de apresentar a menor proporção de material morto (24 %) e a maior proporção de folhas (46%) na MF, promoveu a menor DIVMO da forragem (549 g kg-1 MS). Lotação rotativa leniente apresentou proporções intermediárias de folhas (42 %) e material morto (29%) na MF, e não diferiu dos demais métodos de lotação quanto à DIVMO da forragem (574 g kg-1 MS). Em geral, conforme a altura média de dossel diminuiu, os valores de IAF (de 6,6 para 4,8), proporção de colmos na MF (de 33 para 28 %) e concentração de FDN da forragem (de 570 para 545 g kg-1 MS) diminuíram, enquanto DIVMO (de 554 para 600 g kg-1 MS) e concentração de PB (de 128 para 146 g kg-1 MS) da forragem aumentaram.Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USPPedreira, Carlos Guilherme SilveiraPedroso, Gabriel Baracat2018-07-30info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-10102018-135506/reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USPinstname:Universidade de São Paulo (USP)instacron:USPLiberar o conteúdo para acesso público.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesseng2018-11-01T16:25:01Zoai:teses.usp.br:tde-10102018-135506Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttp://www.teses.usp.br/PUBhttp://www.teses.usp.br/cgi-bin/mtd2br.plvirginia@if.usp.br|| atendimento@aguia.usp.br||virginia@if.usp.bropendoar:27212018-11-01T16:25:01Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP - Universidade de São Paulo (USP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Forage accumulation and nutritive value, canopy structure and grazing losses on Mulato II brachiariagrass under continuous and rotational stocking Acúmulo e valor nutritivo da forragem, estrutura do dossel e perdas em pastejo em capim Mulato II sob lotação contínua e intermitente |
title |
Forage accumulation and nutritive value, canopy structure and grazing losses on Mulato II brachiariagrass under continuous and rotational stocking |
spellingShingle |
Forage accumulation and nutritive value, canopy structure and grazing losses on Mulato II brachiariagrass under continuous and rotational stocking Pedroso, Gabriel Baracat Brachiaria híbrida Brachiaria hybrid Urochloa spp. Urochloa spp. Altura de dossel Canopy height Convert HD 364 Convert HD 364 Grazing intensity Grazing management Grazing severity Intensidade de desfolhação Manejo do pastejo Método de lotação Severidad de desfolhação Stocking method |
title_short |
Forage accumulation and nutritive value, canopy structure and grazing losses on Mulato II brachiariagrass under continuous and rotational stocking |
title_full |
Forage accumulation and nutritive value, canopy structure and grazing losses on Mulato II brachiariagrass under continuous and rotational stocking |
title_fullStr |
Forage accumulation and nutritive value, canopy structure and grazing losses on Mulato II brachiariagrass under continuous and rotational stocking |
title_full_unstemmed |
Forage accumulation and nutritive value, canopy structure and grazing losses on Mulato II brachiariagrass under continuous and rotational stocking |
title_sort |
Forage accumulation and nutritive value, canopy structure and grazing losses on Mulato II brachiariagrass under continuous and rotational stocking |
author |
Pedroso, Gabriel Baracat |
author_facet |
Pedroso, Gabriel Baracat |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Pedreira, Carlos Guilherme Silveira |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Pedroso, Gabriel Baracat |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Brachiaria híbrida Brachiaria hybrid Urochloa spp. Urochloa spp. Altura de dossel Canopy height Convert HD 364 Convert HD 364 Grazing intensity Grazing management Grazing severity Intensidade de desfolhação Manejo do pastejo Método de lotação Severidad de desfolhação Stocking method |
topic |
Brachiaria híbrida Brachiaria hybrid Urochloa spp. Urochloa spp. Altura de dossel Canopy height Convert HD 364 Convert HD 364 Grazing intensity Grazing management Grazing severity Intensidade de desfolhação Manejo do pastejo Método de lotação Severidad de desfolhação Stocking method |
description |
Regardless of studies demonstrating that continuous and rotational stocking can promote equivalent animal productivities, rotational stocking is still commonly associated with the idea of intensification of production systems. Moreover, studies evaluating agronomic responses of plants to stocking methods are scarce. The objectives of the present study were to explain the effects of three stocking methods (continuous stocking - CS, lenient rotational stocking - LRS, and severe rotational stocking - SRS), combined by factorial combinations with two mean canopy heights (20 and 30 cm), on forage accumulation (FA) and nutritive value, canopy structure, and grazing losses (GL) of Mulato II brachiariagrass during the 2016/2017 summer rainy season in Piracicaba, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. Stocking methods were imposed by height variations around the two mean canopy heights: 10% (mimicked continuous stocking), 25% (lenient rotational stocking), and 40% (severe rotational stocking), applied using a mob stocking protocol. Forage neutral detergent fiber concentration (NDF), stem proportion in the forage mass (FM) and leaf area index (LAI) under continuous stocking and at pre-grazing under rotational stocking were affected by the mean canopy height × stocking method interaction. Forage in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) and crude protein (CP) concentrations under continuous stocking and at pre-grazing under rotational stocking were affected by mean canopy height and stocking method. Leaf and dead material proportions in the FM under continuous stocking and at pre-grazing under rotational stocking were only affected by stocking method. Forage accumulation (8363 ± 1578 kg DM ha-1) and GL (5305 ± 585 kg DM ha-1) did not differ between treatments. For the 20-cm mean canopy height, CS, despite presenting the least LAI (3.3) and the greatest stem proportion in the FM (30%), promoted the least forage NDF concentration (531 g kg-1 DM). For the 30-cm mean canopy height, CS promoted the least forage NDF concentration (535 g kg-1 DM), SRS presented the greatest LAI (8.9), and LRS presented the least stem proportion in the FM (31%). Continuous stocking, despite presenting the least leaf proportion (32 %) and the greatest dead material proportion (35 %) in the FM, promoted the greatest forage IVDOM (609 g kg-1 DM) and CP (150 g kg-1 DM) concentrations. Severe rotational stocking, despite presenting the least dead material proportion (24 %) and the greatest leaf proportion (46%) in the FM, promoted the least forage IVDOM concentration (549 g kg-1 DM). Lenient rotational stocking, presented intermediate leaf (42 %) and dead material (29 %) proportions in the FM, and did not differ from the other stocking methods on forage IVDOM concentration (574 g kg-1 DM). In general, as mean canopy height decreased, LAI (from 6.6 to 4.8), dead material proportion in the FM (from 33 to 28 %) and forage NDF concentration (from 570 to 545 g kg-1 DM) declined, while forage IVDOM (from 554 to 600 g kg-1 DM) and CP (from 128 to 146 g kg-1 DM) concentrations increased. |
publishDate |
2018 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2018-07-30 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-10102018-135506/ |
url |
http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-10102018-135506/ |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Liberar o conteúdo para acesso público. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Liberar o conteúdo para acesso público. |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.coverage.none.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP instname:Universidade de São Paulo (USP) instacron:USP |
instname_str |
Universidade de São Paulo (USP) |
instacron_str |
USP |
institution |
USP |
reponame_str |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
collection |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP - Universidade de São Paulo (USP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
virginia@if.usp.br|| atendimento@aguia.usp.br||virginia@if.usp.br |
_version_ |
1809090593322696704 |