Cladistic analysis and biogeography of Aerenicini Lacordaire, 1872 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae)

• Autor(a) principal: Nascimento, Francisco Eriberto de Lima
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
• Texto Completo: https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/38/38131/tde-25042022-145108/
• topic: Evolução; Evolution; Lamiinae; Lamiinae; Morfologia; Morphology; Neotropical; Neotropical; Taxonomia; Taxonomy

The present study aimed to evaluate the monophyly of Aerenicini (Lamiinae, Cerambycidae) and its genera, through a cladistic analysis based on phenotypic data. Additionally, through a biogeographic study, we seek to understand the main phenomena that acted in the evolution of Aerenicini and the areas of ancestral distribution. To estimate when these events would have occurred, we performed a dated phylogeny to Lamiinae. For the cladistic analysis, a morphological matrix of 110 continuous and discrete characters was proposed, based on internal and external morphological structures. For the calibrated molecular phylogeny, Genbank sequences fragments of two mitochondrial markers (cox1 and rrnL) and three nuclear markers (Wg, CPS and LSU). The ancestral distribution areas of Aerenicini were reconstructed using Bayesian binary MCMC (BBM) analysis, implemented in RASP 4.2 platform. The calibrated molecular phylogeny of Lamiinae estimates the origin of several groups for the Late Cretaceous with an expressive diversification in the Cenozoic period, consistent with the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum and its consequent diversification of woody angiosperms. The estimated divergence time for the Hemilophini+Aerenicini clade was ca. 40 Ma. The Hemilophini+Aerenicini clade was corroborated with phenotypic data, however, Aerenicini was retrivied as paraphyletic, and the results indicate that some groups currently in Aerenicini (i.e. Phoebemima Tippmann, 1960 and Suipinima marginalis Martins & Galileo 2004) are more evolutionarily related to Hemilophini. The genus Hippopsis (Agaphantini) was retrivied as related to Aerenicini. For non-monophyletic groups, the following taxonomic changes are proposed: Aerenica bandana (Nascimento, Botero & Bravo, 2016) comb. nov.; Antodice breyeri (Prosen, 1954) comb. nov.; Antodice eccentrica Galileo & Martins, 1992 stat. res. ; Antodice flava (Lane, 1939) comb. nov.; Antodice flavumtuberculata (Nascimento, Botero & Bravo, 2016) comb. nov.; Antodice lanuginosa (Martins & Galileo, 1985) comb. nov.; Antodice metuia (Martins & Galileo, 1998) comb. nov.; Antodice modesta Lane, 1939 stat. res. ; Antodice nigristernis(Martins & Galileo, 1985) comb. nov.; Antodice rustica (Bates, 1881) comb. nov.; Antodice mariahelenae (Martins & Galileo, 2004) comb. nov.; Hoplistonychus Melzer, 1930, Pseudophaula Lane, 1973 and Holoaerenica Lane, 1973 = Phaula Thomson, 1857; Phaula bondari (Melzer, 1930) comb. nov.; Phaula foersteri Martins, 1984 stat. res. ; Phaula porosa (Bates, 1881) comb. nov.; Phaula pustulosa (Lane, 1973) comb. nov.; Phaula strigulata (Lane, 1973) comb. nov.; Phaula alveolata (Martins, 1984) comb. nov.; Phaula apleta (Galileo & Martins, 1987) comb. nov.; Phaula bistriata (Lane, 1973) comb. nov.; Phaula multipunctata (Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1825) comb. nov. and Antonerella gen. nov. to alocate A. marginalis (Martins & Galileo, 2004) comb. nov. The biogeographic analysis suggests that the evolution of the main subgroups of Aerenicini occurred in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil and in part of Chaco. Several groups arose in this region, by sympatric speciation and, later, some lineages would have dispersed. Probably, the current distribution pattern are the result of climatic factors of the Cenozoic. Overall, Aerenicini diversity was the product of a positive speciation-extinction balance over a long period of time, especially along the Brazilian east coast.