Analysis of the decreasing food security situation and impact on household in Pakistan

• Autor(a) principal: Shahid, Ismail
• Data de Publicação: 2023
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
• Texto Completo: https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-16012024-194615/
• topic: Classificação de fatores; Educação; Education; Estrutura familiar; Factor ranking; Family structure; Fator identificador; Food security; Identifying factor; Instabilidade política; Pakistan; Paquistão; Political instability; Segurança alimentar

Food security is a critical issue in developing countries, such as Pakistan. Pakistan in major food crops self-sufficient By Ranked, 8th in wheat production, 10th in rice, 11th maize production. Despite being ranked 78th in the world in terms of food security, around 43% of the population, mostly women, still face food insecurity due to limited access to food. Furthermore, 15% of children under the age of 5 suffer from acute malnutrition, while 44% are stunted. This research aims to explain why food security is declining in Pakistan, based on two hypotheses. The first hypothesis proposes that political instability and economic factors would affects food production and consequently hindering access to food. The second hypothesis concerns to social aspects considering that education, family structure, would affect income and consequently food access. Through comparative and integrated analysis of the variables and its respective indicators, we used Random sampling techniques to collect data from households through questionnaires, interviews, observations, and focus group discussions. We analysed data from secondary sources such as journals, books, and relevant departments. Statistical methods such as data tabulation (frequency distributions and percent distributions) were used to analyse the data. The research findings the first hypothesis didn\'t show that political instability in Pakistan had a significant negative impact on food production. However, it had a strong impact on inflation, which in turn affected food access. The inflationary pressures negatively affected the income of families in Pakistan, making it more difficult for them to afford food. The second hypothesis prove that, education and family structure are important factors that affect income and food access. Addressing poverty and improving access to education, particularly in rural areas, could help to improve income levels and food security for vulnerable populations.