Clouds and their effects on solar radiation in São Paulo

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Santana, Jorge Rosas
Data de Publicação: 2018
Tipo de documento: Dissertação
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Texto Completo: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-06092018-123251/
Resumo: Clouds and their instantaneous effects on downward solar radiation were studied at the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo. For this purpose, visual observations of clouds, ground-based measurements performed by different radiometers, products from the polar orbiting satellites CALIPSO and CloudSat and 1-D Radiative Transfer Model (RTM) LibRadtran were used. Daytime climatology of cloud cover fraction (1958-2016) using data of hourly visual observations was carried out. The diurnal cycle of cloud cover fraction was dominated by low clouds especially by stratiform clouds. Remarkable differences in the diurnal cycles of low cumuliform and stratiform clouds were also observed. During the time period, positive trends for low cloud cover (1.6 %/decade), especially stratiform (3.1 %/decade), and cirriform cloud (0.8 %/decade) were observed, while a decreasing trend of mid-level cloud cover (-2.4%/decade) was found. Seasonal and diurnal variability of vertical profile of cloud was observed, with cloud extending to higher altitudes at night and with maximum frequency of occurrence observed in summer. In winter, low clouds prevailed. Effective cloud optical depth (ECOD), using the total transmittance at 415 nm, and instantaneous cloud effects on solar radiation at the surface, using global irradiance measurements, were estimated in synergy with LibRadtran computations. ECOD presented seasonal and diurnal variability, with maximum of mean in spring (34.4) and in the afternoon (34.2), and minimum at sunrise (25.5) and winter (26.9) for low clouds. The shortwave effects of clouds depended on solar disk condition, cloud type and cloud cover. Maximum of shortwave radiative attenuation was observed for low clouds in total overcast conditions with a median reduction of 72 % of global irradiance compared to clear sky. Median reduction of mid and high clouds was 57 % and 33 %, respectively. Enhancement effects with duration as long as 20 minutes, caused by lateral scattering, were observed in the presence of all analyzed cloud types, when the solar disk was not blocked by clouds, increasing global solar irradiance around 10% at the surface. Maximum enhancement could reach 50 % for low clouds.
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spelling Clouds and their effects on solar radiation in São PauloNuvens e seus efeitos na radiação solar em São PauloCALIPSO-CloudSatCALIPSO-CloudSatcloudsCODCODLibRadtranLibRadtran.MFRSRMFRSRNuvensClouds and their instantaneous effects on downward solar radiation were studied at the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo. For this purpose, visual observations of clouds, ground-based measurements performed by different radiometers, products from the polar orbiting satellites CALIPSO and CloudSat and 1-D Radiative Transfer Model (RTM) LibRadtran were used. Daytime climatology of cloud cover fraction (1958-2016) using data of hourly visual observations was carried out. The diurnal cycle of cloud cover fraction was dominated by low clouds especially by stratiform clouds. Remarkable differences in the diurnal cycles of low cumuliform and stratiform clouds were also observed. During the time period, positive trends for low cloud cover (1.6 %/decade), especially stratiform (3.1 %/decade), and cirriform cloud (0.8 %/decade) were observed, while a decreasing trend of mid-level cloud cover (-2.4%/decade) was found. Seasonal and diurnal variability of vertical profile of cloud was observed, with cloud extending to higher altitudes at night and with maximum frequency of occurrence observed in summer. In winter, low clouds prevailed. Effective cloud optical depth (ECOD), using the total transmittance at 415 nm, and instantaneous cloud effects on solar radiation at the surface, using global irradiance measurements, were estimated in synergy with LibRadtran computations. ECOD presented seasonal and diurnal variability, with maximum of mean in spring (34.4) and in the afternoon (34.2), and minimum at sunrise (25.5) and winter (26.9) for low clouds. The shortwave effects of clouds depended on solar disk condition, cloud type and cloud cover. Maximum of shortwave radiative attenuation was observed for low clouds in total overcast conditions with a median reduction of 72 % of global irradiance compared to clear sky. Median reduction of mid and high clouds was 57 % and 33 %, respectively. Enhancement effects with duration as long as 20 minutes, caused by lateral scattering, were observed in the presence of all analyzed cloud types, when the solar disk was not blocked by clouds, increasing global solar irradiance around 10% at the surface. Maximum enhancement could reach 50 % for low clouds.Na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, foram estudadas as nuvens e seus efeitos na radiação solar. Para tanto, foram usadas observações visuais de nuvens, medições desde a superfície efetuadas por diferentes radiômetros, produtos dos satélites de órbita polar CALIPSO e CloudSat e o modelo de transferência radiativa 1-D LibRadtran. Foi desenvolvida uma climatologia para o ciclo diurno da fração de cobertura de nuvens (1958-2016) usando dados de observações visuais. O ciclo diurno da cobertura de nuvens foi dominado por nuvens baixas, especialmente as estratiformes. Observaram-se diferenças entre o ciclo diurno das nuvens baixas cumuliformes e estratiformes. Além disso, houve uma tendência de aumento da fração de cobertura de nuvens baixas (1,6 %/década), especificamente das estratiformes (3,1 %/década), e das nuvens cirriformes (0,8%/década). Por outro lado, observou-se tendência de diminuição da fração de cobertura de nuvens médias (-2,4%/década). A variabilidade sazonal e diurna do perfil vertical de nuvens foi analisada, com as nuvens atingindo maiores altitudes à noite e no verão. No inverno, as nuvens baixas predominaram. A profundidade óptica efetiva da nuvem (ECOD), usando a transmitância total em 415 nm, e os efeitos instantâneos das nuvens sobre a radiação solar, de medições de irradiância solar global, foram estimados em sinergia com cálculos feitos com o LibRadtran. ECOD apresentou variabilidade diurna e sazonal com máximo na primavera (34,4) e no período da tarde (34,2) e mínimo pela manhã, próximo ao nascer do sol (25,5) e no inverno (26,9) para nuvens baixas. O efeito radiativo de onda curta apresentou dependência com relação à obstrução do disco solar pelas nuvens, o tipo de nuvem e fração de cobertura. A atenuação máxima foi observada para nuvens baixas com o céu totalmente nublado, com valor médio de redução de 72 % da irradiância global, comparada com condições de céu claro. Medianas de redução de nuvens médias e altas foram de 57 % e 33 %, respectivamente. Foram observados efeitos de incrementos da radiação solar (enhancement) de cerca de 10 % com duração de até 20 minutos, devido ao espalhamento pelas laterais das nuvens, em presença de todos os tipos de nuvens analisados, quando o disco solar não estava obstruído. O máximo de enhancement chegou até 50 % na presença de nuvens baixas.Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USPYamasoe, Márcia AkemiSantana, Jorge Rosas2018-07-03info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-06092018-123251/reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USPinstname:Universidade de São Paulo (USP)instacron:USPLiberar o conteúdo para acesso público.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesseng2019-04-09T23:21:59Zoai:teses.usp.br:tde-06092018-123251Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttp://www.teses.usp.br/PUBhttp://www.teses.usp.br/cgi-bin/mtd2br.plvirginia@if.usp.br|| atendimento@aguia.usp.br||virginia@if.usp.bropendoar:27212019-04-09T23:21:59Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP - Universidade de São Paulo (USP)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Clouds and their effects on solar radiation in São Paulo
Nuvens e seus efeitos na radiação solar em São Paulo
title Clouds and their effects on solar radiation in São Paulo
spellingShingle Clouds and their effects on solar radiation in São Paulo
Santana, Jorge Rosas
CALIPSO-CloudSat
CALIPSO-CloudSat
clouds
COD
COD
LibRadtran
LibRadtran.
MFRSR
MFRSR
Nuvens
title_short Clouds and their effects on solar radiation in São Paulo
title_full Clouds and their effects on solar radiation in São Paulo
title_fullStr Clouds and their effects on solar radiation in São Paulo
title_full_unstemmed Clouds and their effects on solar radiation in São Paulo
title_sort Clouds and their effects on solar radiation in São Paulo
author Santana, Jorge Rosas
author_facet Santana, Jorge Rosas
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Yamasoe, Márcia Akemi
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Santana, Jorge Rosas
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv CALIPSO-CloudSat
CALIPSO-CloudSat
clouds
COD
COD
LibRadtran
LibRadtran.
MFRSR
MFRSR
Nuvens
topic CALIPSO-CloudSat
CALIPSO-CloudSat
clouds
COD
COD
LibRadtran
LibRadtran.
MFRSR
MFRSR
Nuvens
description Clouds and their instantaneous effects on downward solar radiation were studied at the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo. For this purpose, visual observations of clouds, ground-based measurements performed by different radiometers, products from the polar orbiting satellites CALIPSO and CloudSat and 1-D Radiative Transfer Model (RTM) LibRadtran were used. Daytime climatology of cloud cover fraction (1958-2016) using data of hourly visual observations was carried out. The diurnal cycle of cloud cover fraction was dominated by low clouds especially by stratiform clouds. Remarkable differences in the diurnal cycles of low cumuliform and stratiform clouds were also observed. During the time period, positive trends for low cloud cover (1.6 %/decade), especially stratiform (3.1 %/decade), and cirriform cloud (0.8 %/decade) were observed, while a decreasing trend of mid-level cloud cover (-2.4%/decade) was found. Seasonal and diurnal variability of vertical profile of cloud was observed, with cloud extending to higher altitudes at night and with maximum frequency of occurrence observed in summer. In winter, low clouds prevailed. Effective cloud optical depth (ECOD), using the total transmittance at 415 nm, and instantaneous cloud effects on solar radiation at the surface, using global irradiance measurements, were estimated in synergy with LibRadtran computations. ECOD presented seasonal and diurnal variability, with maximum of mean in spring (34.4) and in the afternoon (34.2), and minimum at sunrise (25.5) and winter (26.9) for low clouds. The shortwave effects of clouds depended on solar disk condition, cloud type and cloud cover. Maximum of shortwave radiative attenuation was observed for low clouds in total overcast conditions with a median reduction of 72 % of global irradiance compared to clear sky. Median reduction of mid and high clouds was 57 % and 33 %, respectively. Enhancement effects with duration as long as 20 minutes, caused by lateral scattering, were observed in the presence of all analyzed cloud types, when the solar disk was not blocked by clouds, increasing global solar irradiance around 10% at the surface. Maximum enhancement could reach 50 % for low clouds.
publishDate 2018
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2018-07-03
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
format masterThesis
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dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-06092018-123251/
url http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-06092018-123251/
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Liberar o conteúdo para acesso público.
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Liberar o conteúdo para acesso público.
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
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reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
instname:Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
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instname_str Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
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reponame_str Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
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repository.name.fl_str_mv Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP - Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
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