Gravitational Waves in Decaying Vacuum Cosmologies

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Ramirez, David Alejandro Tamayo
Data de Publicação: 2015
Tipo de documento: Tese
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Texto Completo: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-06012016-144604/
Resumo: In the present monograph we study in detail the primordial gravitational waves in cosmologies with a decaying vacuum. The decaying vacuum models are an alternative to solve the cosmological constant problem attributing a dynamic to the vacuum energy. The problem of primordial gravitational waves is discussed in the framework of an expanding, flat, spatially homogeneous and isotropic FLRW Universe described by General Relativity theory with decaying vacuum energy density of the type $\\Lambda \\equiv \\Lambda(H)$. Two particular interesting limits of a class of decaying vacuum models were investigated. A first-order tensor perturbation term was introduced to the FLRW metric, the evolution equation of the perturbations was derived and then expressed in terms of a Fourier expansion, the time-dependent part decouples from the spatial part. The resulting equation has the form of a damped harmonic oscillator which depends on the scale factor, which carries all the cosmological and decaying vacuum characteristics. In the first model studied, the decaying vacuum has the form $\\Lambda \\propto H^2$. The gravitational wave equation is established and its time-dependent part has analytically been solved for different epochs in the case of a flat geometry. The main result is unlike the standard $\\Lambda$CDM cosmology (no interacting vacuum): in this model there is gravitational wave amplification during the radiation era, which in quantum field theory means graviton production. This difference is a clear signature of the decaying vacuum models which a eventual observation could give empirical clues about it. However, high frequency modes are damped out even faster than in the standard cosmology, both in the radiation and matter-vacuum dominated epoch. The physical gravitational wave quantities like the modulus of the mode function, power and gravitational wave energy density spectra generated at different cosmological eras are also explicitly evaluated. The second model studied is a decaying vacuum of the form $\\Lambda \\propto H^3$. This model drives a nonsingular flat cosmology which is termed complete in the sense that the cosmic evolution occurs between two extreme de Sitter stages. The particularity which makes interesting this model is that the transition from the early de Sitter era to the radiation phase is smooth avoiding the graceful exit problem. The gravitational wave equation is derived and its time-dependent part numerically integrated in a relevant period previously delimited. The gravitational wave solutions for the other eras were calculates analytically. Today\'s gravitational wave spectra were calculated and compared with the standard result where an abrupt transition is assumed. It is found that the stochastic background of gravitational waves is very similar to the one predicted by the cosmic concordance model plus inflation except for the higher frequencies.
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spelling Gravitational Waves in Decaying Vacuum CosmologiesOndas Gravitacionais em Cosmologias com Decaimento do VácuoCosmologiaCosmologyGravitational WavesOndas gravitacionaisPrimordial UniverseUniverso primordial.In the present monograph we study in detail the primordial gravitational waves in cosmologies with a decaying vacuum. The decaying vacuum models are an alternative to solve the cosmological constant problem attributing a dynamic to the vacuum energy. The problem of primordial gravitational waves is discussed in the framework of an expanding, flat, spatially homogeneous and isotropic FLRW Universe described by General Relativity theory with decaying vacuum energy density of the type $\\Lambda \\equiv \\Lambda(H)$. Two particular interesting limits of a class of decaying vacuum models were investigated. A first-order tensor perturbation term was introduced to the FLRW metric, the evolution equation of the perturbations was derived and then expressed in terms of a Fourier expansion, the time-dependent part decouples from the spatial part. The resulting equation has the form of a damped harmonic oscillator which depends on the scale factor, which carries all the cosmological and decaying vacuum characteristics. In the first model studied, the decaying vacuum has the form $\\Lambda \\propto H^2$. The gravitational wave equation is established and its time-dependent part has analytically been solved for different epochs in the case of a flat geometry. The main result is unlike the standard $\\Lambda$CDM cosmology (no interacting vacuum): in this model there is gravitational wave amplification during the radiation era, which in quantum field theory means graviton production. This difference is a clear signature of the decaying vacuum models which a eventual observation could give empirical clues about it. However, high frequency modes are damped out even faster than in the standard cosmology, both in the radiation and matter-vacuum dominated epoch. The physical gravitational wave quantities like the modulus of the mode function, power and gravitational wave energy density spectra generated at different cosmological eras are also explicitly evaluated. The second model studied is a decaying vacuum of the form $\\Lambda \\propto H^3$. This model drives a nonsingular flat cosmology which is termed complete in the sense that the cosmic evolution occurs between two extreme de Sitter stages. The particularity which makes interesting this model is that the transition from the early de Sitter era to the radiation phase is smooth avoiding the graceful exit problem. The gravitational wave equation is derived and its time-dependent part numerically integrated in a relevant period previously delimited. The gravitational wave solutions for the other eras were calculates analytically. Today\'s gravitational wave spectra were calculated and compared with the standard result where an abrupt transition is assumed. It is found that the stochastic background of gravitational waves is very similar to the one predicted by the cosmic concordance model plus inflation except for the higher frequencies.Na presente monografia foi estudado em detalhe as ondas gravitacionais primordiais em cosmologias com decaimento do vácuo. Os modelos de decaimento do vácuo são uma alternativa para resolver o problema da constante cosmológica atribuindo uma dinâmica à energia do vácuo. O problema de ondas gravitacionais primordiais é discutida no âmbito de um Universo FLRW em expansão, plano, espacialmente homogêneo e isotrópico descrito pela teoria da Relatividade Geral com decaimento da densidade de energia do vácuo do tipo $\\Lambda \\equiv \\Lambda(H)$. Dois limites particularmente interessantes de uma classe de modelos de decaimento do vácuo foram trabalhados. Um termo tensorial perturbativo a primeira ordem foi introduzido na métrica de FLRW, a equação de evolução das perturbações foi derivada e depois expressada em termos de uma expansão de Fourier, a parte dependente do tempo desacopla-se da parte espacial. A equação resultante tem a forma de um oscilador harmônico amortecido que depende do fator de escala que carrega todas as características cosmológicos e do decaimento do vácuo. No primeiro modelo estudado, o decaimento do vácuo tem a forma $\\Lambda \\propto H^2$. A equação da onda gravitacional é estabelecida e a sua parte dependente do tempo foi resolvida analiticamente para diferentes épocas no caso de uma geometria plana. O resultado principal é que a diferença da cosmologia $\\Lambda$CDM padrão (sem decaimento do vácuo), neste modelo ocorre amplificação de ondas gravitacionais durante a era de radiação, que em mecânica quântica significa produção gráviton. Esta diferença é uma assinatura clara dos modelos de decaimento do vácuo que uma eventual observação poderia dar pistas empíricas sobre o assunto. No entanto, os modos de alta frequência são amortecidos ainda mais rápido do que na cosmologia padrão, tanto na era da radiação e da matéria-vácuo. As quantidades físicas das ondas gravitacionais, como o módulo da função de modos, espectros de potência e de densidade de energia de onda gravitacional geradas em diferentes eras cosmológicas também foram avaliadas explicitamente. O segundo modelo estudado é um decaimento do vácuo da forma $\\Lambda \\propto H^3$. Este modelo leva uma cosmologia plana não singular que é denominado completo no sentido de que a evolução cósmica ocorre entre duas eras de Sitter extremas. A particularidade que torna interessante este modelo é que a transição do início da era de Sitter era para a fase da radiação é suave evitando o graceful exit problem. A equação gravitacional é derivada e sua parte dependente do tempo foi integrada numericamente num período relevante previamente delimitado, as soluções das ondas gravitacionais para as outras eras foram calculadas analiticamente. Os espectros de hoje das ondas gravitacionais foram calculados e comparados com os cálculos padrão onde é assumida uma transição abrupta. Verificou-se que o fundo estocástico de ondas gravitacionais é muito semelhante ao previsto pelo modelo de concordância cósmica mais a inflação, exceto para as frequências mais altas.Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USPLima, José Ademir Sales deRamirez, David Alejandro Tamayo2015-11-16info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisapplication/pdfhttp://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-06012016-144604/reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USPinstname:Universidade de São Paulo (USP)instacron:USPLiberar o conteúdo para acesso público.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesseng2017-09-04T21:06:18Zoai:teses.usp.br:tde-06012016-144604Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttp://www.teses.usp.br/PUBhttp://www.teses.usp.br/cgi-bin/mtd2br.plvirginia@if.usp.br|| atendimento@aguia.usp.br||virginia@if.usp.bropendoar:27212017-09-04T21:06:18Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP - Universidade de São Paulo (USP)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Gravitational Waves in Decaying Vacuum Cosmologies
Ondas Gravitacionais em Cosmologias com Decaimento do Vácuo
title Gravitational Waves in Decaying Vacuum Cosmologies
spellingShingle Gravitational Waves in Decaying Vacuum Cosmologies
Ramirez, David Alejandro Tamayo
Cosmologia
Cosmology
Gravitational Waves
Ondas gravitacionais
Primordial Universe
Universo primordial.
title_short Gravitational Waves in Decaying Vacuum Cosmologies
title_full Gravitational Waves in Decaying Vacuum Cosmologies
title_fullStr Gravitational Waves in Decaying Vacuum Cosmologies
title_full_unstemmed Gravitational Waves in Decaying Vacuum Cosmologies
title_sort Gravitational Waves in Decaying Vacuum Cosmologies
author Ramirez, David Alejandro Tamayo
author_facet Ramirez, David Alejandro Tamayo
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Lima, José Ademir Sales de
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Ramirez, David Alejandro Tamayo
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Cosmologia
Cosmology
Gravitational Waves
Ondas gravitacionais
Primordial Universe
Universo primordial.
topic Cosmologia
Cosmology
Gravitational Waves
Ondas gravitacionais
Primordial Universe
Universo primordial.
description In the present monograph we study in detail the primordial gravitational waves in cosmologies with a decaying vacuum. The decaying vacuum models are an alternative to solve the cosmological constant problem attributing a dynamic to the vacuum energy. The problem of primordial gravitational waves is discussed in the framework of an expanding, flat, spatially homogeneous and isotropic FLRW Universe described by General Relativity theory with decaying vacuum energy density of the type $\\Lambda \\equiv \\Lambda(H)$. Two particular interesting limits of a class of decaying vacuum models were investigated. A first-order tensor perturbation term was introduced to the FLRW metric, the evolution equation of the perturbations was derived and then expressed in terms of a Fourier expansion, the time-dependent part decouples from the spatial part. The resulting equation has the form of a damped harmonic oscillator which depends on the scale factor, which carries all the cosmological and decaying vacuum characteristics. In the first model studied, the decaying vacuum has the form $\\Lambda \\propto H^2$. The gravitational wave equation is established and its time-dependent part has analytically been solved for different epochs in the case of a flat geometry. The main result is unlike the standard $\\Lambda$CDM cosmology (no interacting vacuum): in this model there is gravitational wave amplification during the radiation era, which in quantum field theory means graviton production. This difference is a clear signature of the decaying vacuum models which a eventual observation could give empirical clues about it. However, high frequency modes are damped out even faster than in the standard cosmology, both in the radiation and matter-vacuum dominated epoch. The physical gravitational wave quantities like the modulus of the mode function, power and gravitational wave energy density spectra generated at different cosmological eras are also explicitly evaluated. The second model studied is a decaying vacuum of the form $\\Lambda \\propto H^3$. This model drives a nonsingular flat cosmology which is termed complete in the sense that the cosmic evolution occurs between two extreme de Sitter stages. The particularity which makes interesting this model is that the transition from the early de Sitter era to the radiation phase is smooth avoiding the graceful exit problem. The gravitational wave equation is derived and its time-dependent part numerically integrated in a relevant period previously delimited. The gravitational wave solutions for the other eras were calculates analytically. Today\'s gravitational wave spectra were calculated and compared with the standard result where an abrupt transition is assumed. It is found that the stochastic background of gravitational waves is very similar to the one predicted by the cosmic concordance model plus inflation except for the higher frequencies.
publishDate 2015
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2015-11-16
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dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
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publisher.none.fl_str_mv Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
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reponame_str Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
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