Soil microbiome manipulation and its effect on the soil-plant interface

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Arruda, Bruna
Data de Publicação: 2020
Tipo de documento: Tese
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Texto Completo: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-18032020-172550/
Resumo: The aim of this project was to evaluate the effect of soil microbiome manipulation on microorganism relationship with soil and plant. Among these relationships are mycorrhizae. Many factors are determinant for its occurrence, including the soil microbial community. Our results showed that the effect of soil microbial community on mycorrhization depends on the plant species. Mycorrization in brachiaria was impaired by microbiome manipulation, but certain species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were able to colonize crotalaria even under soil with reduced microbial community. To determine mycorrhizal colonization rates, microscopy is currently used, but it is a subjective analysis. To eliminate this issue, molecular techniques such as real-time PCR (qPCR) may be an alternative to standardize this assessment. Our results showed that the set of primers FLR3 and FLR4 showed a correlation of 0.73 between the microscopic and qPCR analyzes, thus being a promising alternative for mycorrhiza analyzes. In addition to soil microorganisms that assist plants in the absorption of P, the application of phosphate fertilizers is a practice used to supply this nutrient. However, we observed that the application of P did not compensate for the effect of high competition between plant and soil microorganisms by P. Brachiaria presented higher P uptake and dry matter accumulation when cultivated under soil with reduced microbial diversity. On the other hand, crotalaria showed a neutral effect for microbial manipulation. Studies involving soil microbial manipulation may use techniques such as soil autoclaving. This technique uses high temperature and pressure that together eliminate most of the microorganisms, which can also affect soil chemistry. Our results showed that in autoclaved soil 14CO2 emission via microbial respiration was null and there was no change in total N compared to natural soil, but there was an increase in N-NH4 compared to N-NO3. In addition, the autoclaving procedure did not alter soil 31P concentration, but reduced labile 33P activity. Studies on responses of different species of plants grown in soils with different levels of soil microbial diversity are needed to understand nutrient cycling such as N and P. Our results showed that brachiaria increased dry matter, N and P uptake when cultivated under soil that suffered microbiome reduction during the 1st cycle of the plant. For the 2nd cycle, brachiaria increased N uptake but no increments in shoot dry mass when grown in manipulated soil compared to soil without microbial manipulation. On the other hand, crotalaria was not affected by microbiome manipulation for shoot dry matter, N and P absorption. Thus, the results of this thesis may help in the management of biologically degraded areas to ensure greater sustainability in these systems.
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spelling Soil microbiome manipulation and its effect on the soil-plant interfaceManipulação do microbioma do solo e seu efeito na interface solo-plantaCrotalaria juncea L.Crotalaria juncea L.Urochloa brizantha cv. MaranduUrochloa brizantha cv. MaranduFósforoNitrogenNitrogênioPhosphorusThe aim of this project was to evaluate the effect of soil microbiome manipulation on microorganism relationship with soil and plant. Among these relationships are mycorrhizae. Many factors are determinant for its occurrence, including the soil microbial community. Our results showed that the effect of soil microbial community on mycorrhization depends on the plant species. Mycorrization in brachiaria was impaired by microbiome manipulation, but certain species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were able to colonize crotalaria even under soil with reduced microbial community. To determine mycorrhizal colonization rates, microscopy is currently used, but it is a subjective analysis. To eliminate this issue, molecular techniques such as real-time PCR (qPCR) may be an alternative to standardize this assessment. Our results showed that the set of primers FLR3 and FLR4 showed a correlation of 0.73 between the microscopic and qPCR analyzes, thus being a promising alternative for mycorrhiza analyzes. In addition to soil microorganisms that assist plants in the absorption of P, the application of phosphate fertilizers is a practice used to supply this nutrient. However, we observed that the application of P did not compensate for the effect of high competition between plant and soil microorganisms by P. Brachiaria presented higher P uptake and dry matter accumulation when cultivated under soil with reduced microbial diversity. On the other hand, crotalaria showed a neutral effect for microbial manipulation. Studies involving soil microbial manipulation may use techniques such as soil autoclaving. This technique uses high temperature and pressure that together eliminate most of the microorganisms, which can also affect soil chemistry. Our results showed that in autoclaved soil 14CO2 emission via microbial respiration was null and there was no change in total N compared to natural soil, but there was an increase in N-NH4 compared to N-NO3. In addition, the autoclaving procedure did not alter soil 31P concentration, but reduced labile 33P activity. Studies on responses of different species of plants grown in soils with different levels of soil microbial diversity are needed to understand nutrient cycling such as N and P. Our results showed that brachiaria increased dry matter, N and P uptake when cultivated under soil that suffered microbiome reduction during the 1st cycle of the plant. For the 2nd cycle, brachiaria increased N uptake but no increments in shoot dry mass when grown in manipulated soil compared to soil without microbial manipulation. On the other hand, crotalaria was not affected by microbiome manipulation for shoot dry matter, N and P absorption. Thus, the results of this thesis may help in the management of biologically degraded areas to ensure greater sustainability in these systems.O objetivo deste projeto foi avaliar o efeito da manipulação do microbioma do solo nas relações entre os microrganismo com solo e planta. Dentre estas relações destacam-se as micorrizas. Muitos fatores são determinantes para sua ocorrência, dentre eles a comunidade microbiana do solo. Nossos resultados mostraram que o efeito da comunidade microbiana do solo na micorrização depende da espécie vegetal. A colonização micorrízica em plantas de braquiária foi prejudicada pela manipulação do microbioma, porém determinadas espécies de fungos micorrizicos arbusculares foram capazes de colonizar crotalária mesmo sob solo com comunidade microbiana reduzida. Para determinar as taxas de colonização micorrízica atualmente é utilizada a microscopia, porém trata-se de uma análise subjetiva. Para eliminar esse viés, técnicas moleculares, como a PCR em tempo real (qPCR), podem ser uma alternativa para padronizar essa avaliação. Nossos resultados mostraram que o conjunto de primers FLR3 e FLR4 apresentou correlação de 0,73 entre as análises microscópica e de qPCR, sendo portanto uma alternativa promissora para analises de micorriza. Além dos microganismos do solo que auxiliam as plantas na absorção de P, a aplicação de fertilizantes fosfatados é uma prática utilizada para fornecer este nutriente. Entretanto constatamos que a aplicação de P não compensou o efeito da alta competição entre planta e microorganimos do solo pelo P. Braquiária apresentou maior absorção de P e acúmulo de matéria seca da parte aérea quando cultivada sob solo com diversidade microbiana reduzida. Por outro lado, a crotalária mostrou um efeito neutro para a manipulação microbiana. Estudos que envolvem a manipulação microbiana do solo podem utilizar técnicas como a autoclavagem de solo. Esta técnica utiliza alta temperatura e pressão que em conjunto eliminam grande parte dos microrganismos, o que pode também afetar a química do solo. Nossos resultados mostraram que, em solo autoclavado a emissão de 14CO2 via respiração microbiana foi nula e não houve alterações no N total em relação ao solo natural, mas houve um aumento no N-NH4 em relação ao N-NO3. Além disso, o procedimento de autoclavagem não alterou a concentração de 31P do solo, mas reduziu a atividade do 33P lábil. Estudos sobre respostas de diferentes espécies de plantas cultivadas em solos com diferentes níveis de diversidade microbiana do solo são necessários para o entendimento da ciclagem de nutrientes como N e P. Nossos resultados mostraram que baquiaria aumentou a produção de massa seca, absorção de N e P quando cultivada sob solo que sofreu redução do microbioma durante o 1° ciclo da planta. Para o 2° ciclo, braquiaria aumentou a absorção de N, mas sem aumento na produção de massa seca da parte aérea quando cultivada em solo manipulado em comparação ao solo sem manipulação microbiana. Por outro lado, a crotalária não foi afetada pela manipulação do microbioma para a matéria seca da parte aérea, absorção de N e P. Assim, os resultados dessa tese podem auxiliar no manejo de áreas biologicamente degradadas, para garantir uma maior sustentabilidade nesses sistemas.Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USPAndreote, Fernando DiniArruda, Bruna2020-02-14info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisapplication/pdfhttp://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-18032020-172550/reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USPinstname:Universidade de São Paulo (USP)instacron:USPLiberar o conteúdo para acesso público.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesseng2020-03-20T17:08:02Zoai:teses.usp.br:tde-18032020-172550Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttp://www.teses.usp.br/PUBhttp://www.teses.usp.br/cgi-bin/mtd2br.plvirginia@if.usp.br|| atendimento@aguia.usp.br||virginia@if.usp.bropendoar:27212020-03-20T17:08:02Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP - Universidade de São Paulo (USP)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Soil microbiome manipulation and its effect on the soil-plant interface
Manipulação do microbioma do solo e seu efeito na interface solo-planta
title Soil microbiome manipulation and its effect on the soil-plant interface
spellingShingle Soil microbiome manipulation and its effect on the soil-plant interface
Arruda, Bruna
Crotalaria juncea L.
Crotalaria juncea L.
Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu
Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu
Fósforo
Nitrogen
Nitrogênio
Phosphorus
title_short Soil microbiome manipulation and its effect on the soil-plant interface
title_full Soil microbiome manipulation and its effect on the soil-plant interface
title_fullStr Soil microbiome manipulation and its effect on the soil-plant interface
title_full_unstemmed Soil microbiome manipulation and its effect on the soil-plant interface
title_sort Soil microbiome manipulation and its effect on the soil-plant interface
author Arruda, Bruna
author_facet Arruda, Bruna
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Andreote, Fernando Dini
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Arruda, Bruna
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Crotalaria juncea L.
Crotalaria juncea L.
Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu
Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu
Fósforo
Nitrogen
Nitrogênio
Phosphorus
topic Crotalaria juncea L.
Crotalaria juncea L.
Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu
Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu
Fósforo
Nitrogen
Nitrogênio
Phosphorus
description The aim of this project was to evaluate the effect of soil microbiome manipulation on microorganism relationship with soil and plant. Among these relationships are mycorrhizae. Many factors are determinant for its occurrence, including the soil microbial community. Our results showed that the effect of soil microbial community on mycorrhization depends on the plant species. Mycorrization in brachiaria was impaired by microbiome manipulation, but certain species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were able to colonize crotalaria even under soil with reduced microbial community. To determine mycorrhizal colonization rates, microscopy is currently used, but it is a subjective analysis. To eliminate this issue, molecular techniques such as real-time PCR (qPCR) may be an alternative to standardize this assessment. Our results showed that the set of primers FLR3 and FLR4 showed a correlation of 0.73 between the microscopic and qPCR analyzes, thus being a promising alternative for mycorrhiza analyzes. In addition to soil microorganisms that assist plants in the absorption of P, the application of phosphate fertilizers is a practice used to supply this nutrient. However, we observed that the application of P did not compensate for the effect of high competition between plant and soil microorganisms by P. Brachiaria presented higher P uptake and dry matter accumulation when cultivated under soil with reduced microbial diversity. On the other hand, crotalaria showed a neutral effect for microbial manipulation. Studies involving soil microbial manipulation may use techniques such as soil autoclaving. This technique uses high temperature and pressure that together eliminate most of the microorganisms, which can also affect soil chemistry. Our results showed that in autoclaved soil 14CO2 emission via microbial respiration was null and there was no change in total N compared to natural soil, but there was an increase in N-NH4 compared to N-NO3. In addition, the autoclaving procedure did not alter soil 31P concentration, but reduced labile 33P activity. Studies on responses of different species of plants grown in soils with different levels of soil microbial diversity are needed to understand nutrient cycling such as N and P. Our results showed that brachiaria increased dry matter, N and P uptake when cultivated under soil that suffered microbiome reduction during the 1st cycle of the plant. For the 2nd cycle, brachiaria increased N uptake but no increments in shoot dry mass when grown in manipulated soil compared to soil without microbial manipulation. On the other hand, crotalaria was not affected by microbiome manipulation for shoot dry matter, N and P absorption. Thus, the results of this thesis may help in the management of biologically degraded areas to ensure greater sustainability in these systems.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020-02-14
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
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dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Liberar o conteúdo para acesso público.
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Liberar o conteúdo para acesso público.
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
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reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
instname:Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
instacron:USP
instname_str Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
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institution USP
reponame_str Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
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repository.name.fl_str_mv Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP - Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
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