Evaluation of pepper fruits based on fruit physical and chemical characteristics / Avaliação de frutos de pimenta com base nas características físicas e químicas dos frutos

• Autor(a) principal: Moulin, Monique Moreira
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Outros Autores: Lacerda Pirovani, Raissa Olmo, Valadares, Fernanda Vargas, Emerick Silva, Larícia Olária, Santos, Talles de Oliveira, Menini, Luciano, Santos Júnior, Alexandre Cristiano
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Revista Veras
• Texto Completo: https://ojs.brazilianjournals.com.br/ojs/index.php/BRJD/article/view/19269
• topic: bromatological; Capsicum; genetic resources; germoplasm characterization.

The modernization of agriculture associated with the abandonment of agricultural activities has caused the loss of genetic diversity in crops such as pepper. The characterization and evaluation of pepper germplasm allows to indicate plants with potential for immediate use for farmers, as well as to identify accessions with interesting traits for plant breeding. In this sense, the present study aimed to characterize 40 accessions of pepper from the Germplasm Collection Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES) - Campus de Alegre, collected in the South and Mountain ranges of the State of Espírito Santo, based on physical-chemical descriptors. The experiment was maintained under field conditions in IFES Experimental farm, with six fruits - completely ripe and still firm - randomly harvested of each genotype. The physical-chemical characterization was carried out at the Laboratory of Bromatology and Applied Chemistry at IFES, to evaluate the traits of moisture, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, pH and ash content. Subsequently, the study of genetic diversity was carried out by the UPGMA method to obtain the dendrogram, based in Mahalanobis matrix of dissimilarity. The Singh's analysis was performed to ascertain the relative contribution of each physical-chemical characteristic for the genetic divergence. For the evaluated traits, an average variation was observed between the accessions, which can be correlated with the constant exchange of seeds between rural producers in regions of the collection. For the analysis of genetic diversity, the UPGMA technique was efficient in adjusting the distances, with a cophenetic correlation of 0.86 and the formation of six groups. Through the measure of genetic dissimilarity between the accession pairs, expressed by the generalized Mahalanobis distance (D2), it was found that the most distant genotypes are IFES 08 and IFES 22, with a distance of 52.04, while the accessions IFES 23 and IFES 31 were considered the closest genetically, with a distance of 0.09. Singh's method indicated that total titratable acidity (28.48%), followed by total soluble solids (21.71%) were the traits that most contributed to genetic divergence. It was found that the physical-chemical characterization was efficient to estimate the genetic diversity between the accessions, showing medium divergence, being an important tool for the knowledge and use of the accessions traditionally cultivated in the State of Espírito Santo.