Análise da Estrutura Econômica do Mercado Brasileiro de Transporte Rodoviário Regular Interestadual de Passageiros em Longa Distância e Propostas para Melhorias Regulatórias

• Autor(a) principal: dos Santos, Alan Ianke
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Universitário da Ânima (RUNA)
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.animaeducacao.com.br/handle/ANIMA/15872
• topic: Transporte Rodoviário Interestadual de Passageiros; Agência Nacional de Transportes Terrestres; Teoria Econômica da Regulação; Tipologia de Mercado; Concorrência Imperfeita

The Brazilian market for Interstate Passenger Road Transport (TRIP) is one of the largest in the world and has a significant importance in the country's socioeconomic context. In this study, we carried out an analysis of the economic structure currently presented in the continuous (aka regular) long distance modality (TRIP-LD) as well as analyzing the performance of the government’s regulatory entity, the National Land Transport Agency (ANTT), with regard to the promotion of the firms competition and the guarantee of universal access to the service. From the data collected, it was possible to identify a strongly monopolistic and oligopolistic structure in the provision of the basic category service, in which, in September 2020, it was found that 92.87% of the city connections were offered by one or two companies. A similar configuration was recorded in the superior type services market (which comprises executivo, semi-leito, leito and leito-cama comfort categories); it was computed that 94.64% of the connections were supplied in monopoly or duopoly. We also sought to highlight the high degree of judicialization currently registered in TRIP-LD. The research data showed that 24.32% of the participating companies in the market were operating totally or partially with judicial authorization and that the judicialized city connections represented 42.33% of the effective offer of the basic category service. The degree of universal access was determined from an approximation of the total of trips in conventional service made and planned for the year 2020 in comparison with the corresponding number of trips offered in the superior comfort type services; in this calculation, the results showed that only 41.63% of the trips will be offered in the basic modality. We sought to indicate two regulatory improvements to contribute to the measurement of the performance of the transport companies, to the universalization of the service and to the promotion of transparency and access to information about the market. The proposals formulated were the concept of a quality index in the provision of the service and the permanent disclosure with periodic review of a public panel on concentration of the market. It was concluded that the TRIP-LD still presents strong economic concentration even after ANTT's nearly twenty years of operation, and that the Agency has not yet been able to be effective in the regulatory task regarding the promotion of competition and universal access to the service. It was also verified that the judicialization causes a small devolution in the market and interferes strongly in the economic offer, generating negative effects for the general quality of the service. Finally, we sought to demonstrate that it is possible to improve the conditions of TRIP-LD market through the implementation of new regulatory instruments.