Tratamento odontológico em pacientes com transtorno do espectro autista

• Autor(a) principal: Carmo, Gessica Marinho do
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Universitário da Ânima (RUNA)
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.animaeducacao.com.br/handle/ANIMA/9957
• topic: Odontologia; Autismo; TEA; Conduta comportamental

Autism is a complex developmental disorder, defined from a behavioral point of view, with multiple etiologies and varying degrees of severity. The essentials characteristics of Autistic Disorder consist of the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication, and a very restricted repertoire of activities and interests, it is characterized as a behavioral disorder, with early alterations present before the age of three and affecting children from different social groups. This disorder compromises the autistic person's interaction with others, hindering their social life, physical contact, learning, and determining a limited pattern of behavior. According to statistics, the number of individuals with ASD has increased considerably, representing a big challenge for the dental surgeon who needs to be able to attend to such a specific audience. This professional needs knowledge about the particularities of the patient with autism spectrum disorder, associated comorbidities and common oral pathologies, to accomplish an effective therapeutic course and return health to the patient. Proper dental management for a child with ASD requires individualization and in-depth understanding of the behavioral profile of ASD, including various techniques such as: PECS, ABA, TEACCH, show-say-do, distraction, desensitization, voice control, positive reinforcement or a reward. Regarding oral health, autistics have a high prevalence of caries and periodontal disease, probably due to cariogenic diet and difficulties in oral hygiene, common in special patients. Among individuals with some sort of behavioral change that causes difficulty in dental care, autistic individuals are in a prominent position. After establishing a bond and conditioning the patient, it is possible to perform dental treatment without sedation or oral sedation. However when the patient does not cooperate, the option is to perform the treatment under general anesthesia.