CRISPR-CAS9 fighting human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 subtype in CD4+ T lymphocytes: a literature review / CRISPR-CAS9 e combate ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana subtipo HIV-1 em LINFÓCITOS T CD4+: uma revisão de literatura

• Autor(a) principal: dos Anjos, Ivson Warley Tôrres
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Outros Autores: Anjos Filho, Inaldo Antônio dos, Vilela Marinho, Laura Virgínia Braga, Moura Santos, Nicole Valentine de, Bispo Cezar, Nathalia Joanne
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Brazilian Journal of Health Review
• Texto Completo: https://ojs.brazilianjournals.com.br/ojs/index.php/BJHR/article/view/16841
• topic: CRISPR-Cas9; HIV-1; CCR5; CXCR4; co-receptors; HIV.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) requires glycoproteins and specific receptors found in the host and its immune system, like so glycoprotein 120 is responsible for binding to the CD4+ molecule and later binding to the CCR5 or CXCR4 co-receptors. Based on these mechanisms, cell entrance can occur for the replication of viral genetic material. After various investigations on the way bacteria act when facing viral invaders, the CRISPR-Cas9 tool was an explicit protection promoter against HIV-1 in humans. Currently, studies about the simultaneous knockout of CCR5 and CXCR4 genes in CD4+ T cells via CRISPR-Cas9 confer resistance to HIV infection. In this context, research related to the CCR5 delta 32 mutation has a high degree defense against HIV. Besides, mutations in co-receptors may explain the lack of infections in this group. Lastly, a CRISPR-Cas9 technique represents a major breakthrough against HIV-1 infection from co-receptor issues, making it impossible for the virus to attach the cell. From this review, it was possible to observe the importance of the genetic engineering tool CRISPR-Cas9 to be used as a way to treat people affected with HIV, through approaches in CCR5 and CXCR4 co-receptors, as well as alternative methods for its use when the virus is at intracellular latent state.