The impacts of fake news on child vaccination in Brazil: an analysis of discourses against vaccines

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Silva, Bárbara Souza da
Data de Publicação: 2022
Outros Autores: Oliveira, Carla Conforto de
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Revista EDICIC
Texto Completo: https://ojs.edicic.org/revistaedicic/article/view/174
Resumo: In the eighteenth century the smallpox was the most serious threat that existed, at this time ran the invention of the so-called variolization, primary method of immunization which was fundamental to greater advances in immunology, which is responsible until today for its great role in the containment and eradication of diseases such as measles, polio and recently the greatest demonstration of its effectiveness by its role in the pandemic of Covid-19. Vaccination is one of the most important artifices in the fight against diseases and Brazil has numerous campaigns of its own, in recent years, however the country had a drop in the number of childhood vaccination, one of the apparent reasons was the great dissemination of fake news that circulated in social media, such as Whatsapp and Facebook. Since 2016, fake news has grown exponentially, and resulted in the aid of countless social, economic, political problems, and in the area of health it would be no different, it is investigated to identify the negative impact they caused in vaccination goals understood as ideal by the Ministry of Health.In view of this, this research aimed to analyze which factors were determinant for the decline in childhood vaccination in Brazil since 2015. To achieve this, a literature review on fake news was conducted, in addition to a survey of data from Agência Senado and the World Health Organization (WHO). Furthermore, Discourse Analysis (DA) was used as part of the research method, and later, analysis of the speeches made in relation to childhood vaccination. Currently, society is faced with the so-called post-truth era, in which opinions, beliefs, and ideologies are more important than the facts themselves; in this sense, fake news and speeches (especially those of hate and those without any real scientific basis) have influence and negative effects on the rates of childhood vaccination.At the end, the reasons we found that could perhaps justify the low level of vaccinated children were 1) the widely disseminated official communication from public health agencies has declined, which has possibly opened a space for 2) creation and propagation of fake news about vaccines given to children; 3) a false sense of security for not having suffered or seen someone in their social circle suffer from vaccine-preventable diseases. The continuity of attention to vaccines is considerably relevant, because while the rates were declining there was no national relevance about, and with Covid-19 it was neglected. However, with the numbers under control in Brazil, it is time to turn the focus on leveraging these numbers again, because if there is no special attention to this topic, diseases that were previously eradicated or under control in Brazilian territory, may resurface and reach those most vulnerable to them, because they have not received their due protection, as is the case of children.
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spelling The impacts of fake news on child vaccination in Brazil: an analysis of discourses against vaccinesLos impactos de las noticias falsas sobre la vacunación infantil en Brasil: un análisis de los discursos contra las vacunasOs impactos das fake news na vacinação infantil no Brasil: uma análise de discursos contra as vacinasAnálisis del DiscursoVacunación InfantilNoticias FalsasAnálise do DiscursoVacinação InfantilFake NewsDiscourse AnalysisChild VaccinationFake NewsIn the eighteenth century the smallpox was the most serious threat that existed, at this time ran the invention of the so-called variolization, primary method of immunization which was fundamental to greater advances in immunology, which is responsible until today for its great role in the containment and eradication of diseases such as measles, polio and recently the greatest demonstration of its effectiveness by its role in the pandemic of Covid-19. Vaccination is one of the most important artifices in the fight against diseases and Brazil has numerous campaigns of its own, in recent years, however the country had a drop in the number of childhood vaccination, one of the apparent reasons was the great dissemination of fake news that circulated in social media, such as Whatsapp and Facebook. Since 2016, fake news has grown exponentially, and resulted in the aid of countless social, economic, political problems, and in the area of health it would be no different, it is investigated to identify the negative impact they caused in vaccination goals understood as ideal by the Ministry of Health.In view of this, this research aimed to analyze which factors were determinant for the decline in childhood vaccination in Brazil since 2015. To achieve this, a literature review on fake news was conducted, in addition to a survey of data from Agência Senado and the World Health Organization (WHO). Furthermore, Discourse Analysis (DA) was used as part of the research method, and later, analysis of the speeches made in relation to childhood vaccination. Currently, society is faced with the so-called post-truth era, in which opinions, beliefs, and ideologies are more important than the facts themselves; in this sense, fake news and speeches (especially those of hate and those without any real scientific basis) have influence and negative effects on the rates of childhood vaccination.At the end, the reasons we found that could perhaps justify the low level of vaccinated children were 1) the widely disseminated official communication from public health agencies has declined, which has possibly opened a space for 2) creation and propagation of fake news about vaccines given to children; 3) a false sense of security for not having suffered or seen someone in their social circle suffer from vaccine-preventable diseases. The continuity of attention to vaccines is considerably relevant, because while the rates were declining there was no national relevance about, and with Covid-19 it was neglected. However, with the numbers under control in Brazil, it is time to turn the focus on leveraging these numbers again, because if there is no special attention to this topic, diseases that were previously eradicated or under control in Brazilian territory, may resurface and reach those most vulnerable to them, because they have not received their due protection, as is the case of children.En el siglo XVIII la viruela era la amenaza más grave que existía, esta vez corrió la invención de la llamada variolización, método primario de inmunización que fue fundamental para los mayores avances en la inmunología, donde es responsable hasta hoy de su gran papel en la contención y erradicación de enfermedades como el sarampión, la poliomielitis y recientemente la mayor demostración de su eficacia por su papel en la pandemia Covid-19. La vacunación es una de las herramientas más importantes en la lucha contra las enfermedades y Brasil tiene numerosas campañas, en los últimos años el país tuvo una caída en el número de vacunación infantil, una de las razones aparentes fue la amplia difusión de noticias falsas que circularon en los medios sociales como Whatsapp y Facebook. Desde el año 2016, las fake news han crecido exponencialmente, y han dado lugar a ayudas de innumerables problemas sociales y de salud, no iba ser diferente ya que se puede identificar el impacto negativo que causaron en los objetivos de vacunación entendidos como ideales por el Ministerio de Sanidad. Ante esto, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar qué factores fueron determinantes para la disminución de la vacunación infantil en Brasil a partir de 2015. Para ello, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre las fake news, además de un estudio de datos de la Agencia Senado y de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Además, se utilizó el Análisis del Discurso (AD) como parte del método de investigación y, posteriormente, el análisis de los discursos pronunciados en relación con la vacunación infantil. Actualmente, la sociedad se enfrenta a la llamada era de la posverdad, en la que las opiniones, creencias e ideologías son más importantes que los propios hechos, en este sentido, las fake news y los discursos pronunciados (especialmente los de odio y los que no tienen una base científica real) tienen influencia y efectos negativos en las tasas de vacunación infantil. Al final, las razones que encontramos y que quizás podrían justificar el bajo nivel de niños vacunados fueron: 1) la comunicación oficial ampliamente difundida proveniente de los organismos de salud pública ha disminuido, lo que posiblemente abrió un espacio para 2) la creación y propagación de noticias falsas sobre las vacunas aplicadas a los niños; 3) una falsa sensación de seguridad por no haber sufrido o visto a alguien de su círculo social sufrir los estragos o secuelas de las enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación. La continuidad de la atención centrada en las vacunas es considerablemente relevante, ya que mientras las tasas disminuían no hubo relevancia nacional en, y con Covid-19 se descuidó. Sin embargo, con los números controlados en Brasil, es hora de volver a poner el foco en potenciar estos números, porque si no hay una atención especial a este tema, las enfermedades que antes estaban erradicadas o bajo control en el territorio brasileño, pueden resurgir y llegar los más vulnerables a ellas, porque no recibieron su debida protección como es el caso de los niños.No século XVIII a varíola era a ameaça mais grave que existia, nesta época correu a invenção da chamada variolização, método primário de imunização o qual foi fundamental para maiores avanços da imunologia, onde és responsável até nos dias de hoje por seu grande papel na contenção e erradicação de doenças, como o sarampo, poliomielite e recentemente  a maior demonstração da sua efetividade pelo seu papel na pandemia da Covid-19. A vacinação é um dos artifícios mais importantes no combate de doenças e do Brasil possuir inúmeras campanhas, nos últimos anos, o país teve uma queda no número da vacinação infantil, um dos motivos aparentes foi a grande disseminação de notícias falsas que circularam em mídias sociais, como Whatsapp e Facebook. Desde o ano de 2016, as fake news têm crescido exponencialmente, e resultado em auxílios de incontáveis problemas sociais, econômicos, políticos e na área da saúde, não seria diferente como é possível identificar o impacto negativo que elas causaram nas metas vacinais entendidas como ideais pelo Ministério da Saúde. Em vista disso, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar quais fatores foram determinantes para o declínio na vacinação infantil no Brasil a partir de 2015. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre fake news, além de realizar um levantamento de dados da Agência Senado e da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). Ademais, foi utilizada a Análise do Discurso (AD) como parte do método de investigação e posteriormente, análise dos discursos proferidos em relação à vacinação infantil. Atualmente, a sociedade se depara com a chamada era de pós-verdade, em que as opiniões, crenças e ideologias são mais importantes do que os fatos em si, nesse sentido, as notícias falsas e os discursos proferidos (principalmente os de ódio e aqueles que não possuem nenhuma base real científica) tem influência e efeitos negativos nos índices de vacinação infantil.No final as razões encontradas por nós que possam, talvez, justificar o nível baixo de crianças vacinadas foram 1) a comunicação oficial disseminada amplamente vindo de órgãos públicos de saúde decaiu, o que possivelmente abriu um espaço para 2) criação e propagação de fake news sobre as vacinas aplicadas em crianças; 3) a falsa sensação de segurança por não ter sofrido ou visto alguém de seu círculo social sofrer das mazelas ou sequelas de doenças evitáveis por vacinas. É considerável relevante a continuidade da atenção voltada às vacinas, pois enquanto as taxas estão em declínio não houve uma relevância nacional sobre, e com a Covid-19 foi negligenciado. Entretanto, com os números controlados no Brasil, é hora de voltar o foco em alavancar esses números novamente, pois caso não haja uma atenção especial a esse tópico, doenças que antes estavam erradicadas ou sob controle em território brasileiro, podem ressurgir e atingir os mais vulneráveis a elas, pois não receberam a sua proteção devida como é o caso das crianças.Asociación de Educación e Investigación en Ciencia de la Información de Iberoamérica y el Caribe2022-12-19info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionResearch PaperArtículo de InvestigaciónArtigo de Pesquisaapplication/pdfhttps://ojs.edicic.org/revistaedicic/article/view/17410.62758/re.v2i3.174Revista EDICIC; Vol. 2 No. 3 (2022): Special Number: Challenges to face in relation to disinformation, counter-information and fake newsRevista EDICIC; Vol. 2 Núm. 3 (2022): Número Especial: Retos a afrontar sobre la desinformación, la contrainformación y las noticias falsasRevista EDICIC; v. 2 n. 3 (2022): Número Especial: Desafios a enfrentar em relação à desinformação, contrainformação e notícias falsas2236-575310.62758/re.v2i3reponame:Revista EDICICinstname:Asociación de Educación e Investigación en Ciencia de la Información de Iberoamérica y el Caribe (EDICIC)instacron:EDICICporhttps://ojs.edicic.org/revistaedicic/article/view/174/156Derechos de autor 2022 Revista EDICIChttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSilva, Bárbara Souza daOliveira, Carla Conforto de2024-04-26T11:27:40Zoai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/174Revistahttp://ojs.edicic.org/index.php/revistaedicicPRIhttp://ojs.edicic.org/index.php/revistaedicic/oaiedicic@edicic.org2236-57532236-5753opendoar:2024-04-26T11:27:40Revista EDICIC - Asociación de Educación e Investigación en Ciencia de la Información de Iberoamérica y el Caribe (EDICIC)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The impacts of fake news on child vaccination in Brazil: an analysis of discourses against vaccines
Los impactos de las noticias falsas sobre la vacunación infantil en Brasil: un análisis de los discursos contra las vacunas
Os impactos das fake news na vacinação infantil no Brasil: uma análise de discursos contra as vacinas
title The impacts of fake news on child vaccination in Brazil: an analysis of discourses against vaccines
spellingShingle The impacts of fake news on child vaccination in Brazil: an analysis of discourses against vaccines
Silva, Bárbara Souza da
Análisis del Discurso
Vacunación Infantil
Noticias Falsas
Análise do Discurso
Vacinação Infantil
Fake News
Discourse Analysis
Child Vaccination
Fake News
title_short The impacts of fake news on child vaccination in Brazil: an analysis of discourses against vaccines
title_full The impacts of fake news on child vaccination in Brazil: an analysis of discourses against vaccines
title_fullStr The impacts of fake news on child vaccination in Brazil: an analysis of discourses against vaccines
title_full_unstemmed The impacts of fake news on child vaccination in Brazil: an analysis of discourses against vaccines
title_sort The impacts of fake news on child vaccination in Brazil: an analysis of discourses against vaccines
author Silva, Bárbara Souza da
author_facet Silva, Bárbara Souza da
Oliveira, Carla Conforto de
author_role author
author2 Oliveira, Carla Conforto de
author2_role author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Silva, Bárbara Souza da
Oliveira, Carla Conforto de
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Análisis del Discurso
Vacunación Infantil
Noticias Falsas
Análise do Discurso
Vacinação Infantil
Fake News
Discourse Analysis
Child Vaccination
Fake News
topic Análisis del Discurso
Vacunación Infantil
Noticias Falsas
Análise do Discurso
Vacinação Infantil
Fake News
Discourse Analysis
Child Vaccination
Fake News
description In the eighteenth century the smallpox was the most serious threat that existed, at this time ran the invention of the so-called variolization, primary method of immunization which was fundamental to greater advances in immunology, which is responsible until today for its great role in the containment and eradication of diseases such as measles, polio and recently the greatest demonstration of its effectiveness by its role in the pandemic of Covid-19. Vaccination is one of the most important artifices in the fight against diseases and Brazil has numerous campaigns of its own, in recent years, however the country had a drop in the number of childhood vaccination, one of the apparent reasons was the great dissemination of fake news that circulated in social media, such as Whatsapp and Facebook. Since 2016, fake news has grown exponentially, and resulted in the aid of countless social, economic, political problems, and in the area of health it would be no different, it is investigated to identify the negative impact they caused in vaccination goals understood as ideal by the Ministry of Health.In view of this, this research aimed to analyze which factors were determinant for the decline in childhood vaccination in Brazil since 2015. To achieve this, a literature review on fake news was conducted, in addition to a survey of data from Agência Senado and the World Health Organization (WHO). Furthermore, Discourse Analysis (DA) was used as part of the research method, and later, analysis of the speeches made in relation to childhood vaccination. Currently, society is faced with the so-called post-truth era, in which opinions, beliefs, and ideologies are more important than the facts themselves; in this sense, fake news and speeches (especially those of hate and those without any real scientific basis) have influence and negative effects on the rates of childhood vaccination.At the end, the reasons we found that could perhaps justify the low level of vaccinated children were 1) the widely disseminated official communication from public health agencies has declined, which has possibly opened a space for 2) creation and propagation of fake news about vaccines given to children; 3) a false sense of security for not having suffered or seen someone in their social circle suffer from vaccine-preventable diseases. The continuity of attention to vaccines is considerably relevant, because while the rates were declining there was no national relevance about, and with Covid-19 it was neglected. However, with the numbers under control in Brazil, it is time to turn the focus on leveraging these numbers again, because if there is no special attention to this topic, diseases that were previously eradicated or under control in Brazilian territory, may resurface and reach those most vulnerable to them, because they have not received their due protection, as is the case of children.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022-12-19
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Artigo de Pesquisa
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dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Derechos de autor 2022 Revista EDICIC
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Derechos de autor 2022 Revista EDICIC
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Asociación de Educación e Investigación en Ciencia de la Información de Iberoamérica y el Caribe
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Asociación de Educación e Investigación en Ciencia de la Información de Iberoamérica y el Caribe
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Revista EDICIC; Vol. 2 No. 3 (2022): Special Number: Challenges to face in relation to disinformation, counter-information and fake news
Revista EDICIC; Vol. 2 Núm. 3 (2022): Número Especial: Retos a afrontar sobre la desinformación, la contrainformación y las noticias falsas
Revista EDICIC; v. 2 n. 3 (2022): Número Especial: Desafios a enfrentar em relação à desinformação, contrainformação e notícias falsas
2236-5753
10.62758/re.v2i3
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