Efficiency and equity in public higher education in Brazil
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2023 |
Outros Autores: | |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Revista Brasileira de Economia (Online) |
Texto Completo: | https://periodicos.fgv.br/rbe/article/view/85621 |
Resumo: | We build a model that captures the main elements of the higher education market in order to evaluate the performance of different financing mechanisms in terms of efficiency and equity. Our main finding is that the provision of direct places in public colleges and universities raises a trade-off between efficiency and equity whenever part of the education cost is financed through taxes. Moreover, such a policy benefits primarily the richest individuals in society, such that it may enlarge the prior inequality inherited from the individuals’ familial background. Alternative mechanisms, namely public provision with tuition fees covering totally or partially the educational cost, and the government working as an intermediary between students and the capital market, are also analyzed. We show that, compared to these alternatives, the policy of ``free" higher education performs worse in terms of the trade-off between efficiency and equity. In fact, while it is impossible to achieve efficiency, ex-post and ex-ante equality simultaneously in almost all mechanisms analyzed, the less the taxpayer subsidizes students the lower the trade-off. |
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Efficiency and equity in public higher education in BrazilA note on the trade-off between efficiency and equity in public financing of higher educationHigher educationFree higher educationPublic policyHigher educationPublic policy financingWe build a model that captures the main elements of the higher education market in order to evaluate the performance of different financing mechanisms in terms of efficiency and equity. Our main finding is that the provision of direct places in public colleges and universities raises a trade-off between efficiency and equity whenever part of the education cost is financed through taxes. Moreover, such a policy benefits primarily the richest individuals in society, such that it may enlarge the prior inequality inherited from the individuals’ familial background. Alternative mechanisms, namely public provision with tuition fees covering totally or partially the educational cost, and the government working as an intermediary between students and the capital market, are also analyzed. We show that, compared to these alternatives, the policy of ``free" higher education performs worse in terms of the trade-off between efficiency and equity. In fact, while it is impossible to achieve efficiency, ex-post and ex-ante equality simultaneously in almost all mechanisms analyzed, the less the taxpayer subsidizes students the lower the trade-off.Nós construímos um modelo que captura os principais componentes do mercado de educação superior com o objetivo de avaliar a performance de diferentes mecanismos de financiamento em termos de eficiência e equidade. O principal resultado do modelo mostra que a provisão direta de vagas em universidades públicas cria um trade-off entre eficiência e equidade sempre que parte do custo dessas instituições for financiada a partir de impostos. Ainda, esse modelo de financiamento beneficia sobretudo os indivíduos mais ricos da sociedade, de modo a intensificar a desigualdade prévia herdada da condição familiar dos estudantes. Mecanismos alternativos de financiamento também são analisados, como a cobrança de taxas sobre os estudantes cobrindo parte ou a totalidade do custo do ensino que recebem, e a atuação do governo como um intermediário entre os estudantes de instituições privadas e o mercado de capitais. Nós mostramos que, comparada a essas alternativas, a política de educação superior “gratuita” resulta em um trade-off mais intenso entre eficiência e equidade. De fato, embora seja impossível atingir simultaneamente os critérios de eficiência, equidade ex-post e equidade de oportunidades ex-ante em quase todos os modelos de financiamento analisados, quanto menor for o subsídio fornecido pelo pagador de impostos ao estudante, menor é o trade-off resultante.EGV EPGE2023-08-11info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionArticlesArtigosTextoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/otherapplication/pdfhttps://periodicos.fgv.br/rbe/article/view/85621Revista Brasileira de Economia; Vol. 77 No. 3 (2023): JUL -SETRevista Brasileira de Economia; v. 77 n. 3 (2023): JUL -SET1806-91340034-7140reponame:Revista Brasileira de Economia (Online)instname:Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV)instacron:FGVenghttps://periodicos.fgv.br/rbe/article/view/85621/84351BrazilBrasilCopyright (c) 2023 Revista Brasileira de Economiainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessNothen Ruhe, Ana Paulade Carvalho Griebeler, Marcelo2023-08-30T22:48:58Zoai:ojs.periodicos.fgv.br:article/85621Revistahttps://periodicos.fgv.br/rbe/https://periodicos.fgv.br/rbe/oai||rbe@fgv.br1806-91340034-7140opendoar:2024-03-06T13:03:54.324338Revista Brasileira de Economia (Online) - Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV)true |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Efficiency and equity in public higher education in Brazil A note on the trade-off between efficiency and equity in public financing of higher education |
title |
Efficiency and equity in public higher education in Brazil |
spellingShingle |
Efficiency and equity in public higher education in Brazil Nothen Ruhe, Ana Paula Higher education Free higher education Public policy Higher education Public policy financing |
title_short |
Efficiency and equity in public higher education in Brazil |
title_full |
Efficiency and equity in public higher education in Brazil |
title_fullStr |
Efficiency and equity in public higher education in Brazil |
title_full_unstemmed |
Efficiency and equity in public higher education in Brazil |
title_sort |
Efficiency and equity in public higher education in Brazil |
author |
Nothen Ruhe, Ana Paula |
author_facet |
Nothen Ruhe, Ana Paula de Carvalho Griebeler, Marcelo |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
de Carvalho Griebeler, Marcelo |
author2_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Nothen Ruhe, Ana Paula de Carvalho Griebeler, Marcelo |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Higher education Free higher education Public policy Higher education Public policy financing |
topic |
Higher education Free higher education Public policy Higher education Public policy financing |
description |
We build a model that captures the main elements of the higher education market in order to evaluate the performance of different financing mechanisms in terms of efficiency and equity. Our main finding is that the provision of direct places in public colleges and universities raises a trade-off between efficiency and equity whenever part of the education cost is financed through taxes. Moreover, such a policy benefits primarily the richest individuals in society, such that it may enlarge the prior inequality inherited from the individuals’ familial background. Alternative mechanisms, namely public provision with tuition fees covering totally or partially the educational cost, and the government working as an intermediary between students and the capital market, are also analyzed. We show that, compared to these alternatives, the policy of ``free" higher education performs worse in terms of the trade-off between efficiency and equity. In fact, while it is impossible to achieve efficiency, ex-post and ex-ante equality simultaneously in almost all mechanisms analyzed, the less the taxpayer subsidizes students the lower the trade-off. |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-08-11 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Articles Artigos Texto info:eu-repo/semantics/other |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://periodicos.fgv.br/rbe/article/view/85621 |
url |
https://periodicos.fgv.br/rbe/article/view/85621 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://periodicos.fgv.br/rbe/article/view/85621/84351 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2023 Revista Brasileira de Economia info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2023 Revista Brasileira de Economia |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.coverage.none.fl_str_mv |
Brazil Brasil |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
EGV EPGE |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
EGV EPGE |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Revista Brasileira de Economia; Vol. 77 No. 3 (2023): JUL -SET Revista Brasileira de Economia; v. 77 n. 3 (2023): JUL -SET 1806-9134 0034-7140 reponame:Revista Brasileira de Economia (Online) instname:Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) instacron:FGV |
instname_str |
Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) |
instacron_str |
FGV |
institution |
FGV |
reponame_str |
Revista Brasileira de Economia (Online) |
collection |
Revista Brasileira de Economia (Online) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Revista Brasileira de Economia (Online) - Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
||rbe@fgv.br |
_version_ |
1798943115787108352 |