Burden of smoking in Brazil and potential benefit of increasing taxes on cigarettes for the economy and for reducing morbidity and mortality
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2019 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng por |
Título da fonte: | Cadernos de Saúde Pública |
Texto Completo: | https://cadernos.ensp.fiocruz.br/ojs/index.php/csp/article/view/7000 |
Resumo: | The prevalence of smoking in Brazil has decreased considerably in recent decades, but the country still has a high burden of disease associated with this risk factor. The study aimed to estimate the burden of mortality, morbidity, and costs for society associated with smoking in 2015 and the potential impact on health outcomes and the economy based on price increases for cigarettes through taxes. Two models were developed: the first is a mathematical model based on a probabilistic microsimulation of thousands of individuals using hypothetical cohorts that considered the natural history, costs, and quality of life of these individuals. The second is a tax model applied to estimate the economic benefit and health outcomes in different price increase scenarios in 10 years. Smoking was responsible for 156,337 deaths, 4.2 million years of potential life lost, 229,071 acute myocardial infarctions, 59,509 strokes, and 77,500 cancer diagnoses. The total cost was BRL 56.9 billion (USD 14.7 billion), with 70% corresponding to the direct cost associated with healthcare and the rest to indirect cost due to lost productivity from premature death and disability. A 50% increase in cigarette prices would avoid 136,482 deaths, 507,451 cases of cardiovascular diseases, 64,382 cases of cancer, and 100,365 cases of stroke. The estimated economic benefit would be BRL 97.9 billion (USD 25.5 billion). In conclusion, the burden of disease and economic losses associated with smoking is high in Brazil, and tax increases are capable of averting deaths, illness, and costs to society. |
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Burden of smoking in Brazil and potential benefit of increasing taxes on cigarettes for the economy and for reducing morbidity and mortalityCarga do tabagismo no Brasil e benefício potencial do aumento de impostos sobre os cigarros para a economia e para a redução de mortes e adoecimentoTobacco Use DisorderCost of IlnessCosts and Cost AnalysisTabagismoEfeitos Psicossociais da DoençaCustos e Análise de CustoThe prevalence of smoking in Brazil has decreased considerably in recent decades, but the country still has a high burden of disease associated with this risk factor. The study aimed to estimate the burden of mortality, morbidity, and costs for society associated with smoking in 2015 and the potential impact on health outcomes and the economy based on price increases for cigarettes through taxes. Two models were developed: the first is a mathematical model based on a probabilistic microsimulation of thousands of individuals using hypothetical cohorts that considered the natural history, costs, and quality of life of these individuals. The second is a tax model applied to estimate the economic benefit and health outcomes in different price increase scenarios in 10 years. Smoking was responsible for 156,337 deaths, 4.2 million years of potential life lost, 229,071 acute myocardial infarctions, 59,509 strokes, and 77,500 cancer diagnoses. The total cost was BRL 56.9 billion (USD 14.7 billion), with 70% corresponding to the direct cost associated with healthcare and the rest to indirect cost due to lost productivity from premature death and disability. A 50% increase in cigarette prices would avoid 136,482 deaths, 507,451 cases of cardiovascular diseases, 64,382 cases of cancer, and 100,365 cases of stroke. The estimated economic benefit would be BRL 97.9 billion (USD 25.5 billion). In conclusion, the burden of disease and economic losses associated with smoking is high in Brazil, and tax increases are capable of averting deaths, illness, and costs to society.La prevalencia del tabaquismo en Brasil se redujo sobremanera en las últimas décadas, pero el país todavía cuenta con una elevada carga de enfermedad asociada a este factor de riesgo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar la carga de mortalidad, morbilidad y costes para la sociedad, asociada al tabaquismo en 2015, y el impacto potencial generado en los desenlaces de salud y para la economía a partir del aumento de precios del tabaco a través de impuestos. Se desarrollaron dos modelos: el primero es un modelo matemático, basado en una microsimulación probabilística de millares de individuos, a través de cohortes hipotéticas, que consideró la historia natural, costes y calidad de vida de esos individuos. El segundo se trata de un modelo de impuestos aplicado para estimar el beneficio económico y en desenlaces de salud de diferentes escenarios con el aumento de precios durante 10 años. El tabaquismo fue responsable de 156.337 muertes, 4,2 millones de años de vida perdidos, 229.071 infartos agudos de miocardio, 59.509 accidentes vasculares cerebrales y 77.500 diagnósticos de cáncer. El coste total fue de BRL 56,9 billones (USD 14,7 billones), de los cuales un 70% correspondieron al coste directo asociado a la asistencia a la salud y lo restante al coste indirecto, debido a la pérdida de productividad por muerte prematura e incapacidad. Un aumento de un 50% del precio del tabaco evitaría 136.482 muertes, 507.451 casos de enfermedades cardiovasculares, 64.382 de casos de cáncer y 100.365 accidentes vasculares cerebrales. El beneficio económico estimado sería de BRL 97,9 billones (USD 25,5 billones). Se concluyó que la carga de la enfermedad y económica asociada al tabaquismo es elevada en Brasil y el aumento de impuestos es capaz de evitar muertes, enfermedad y costes para la sociedad.A prevalência do tabagismo no Brasil reduziu sobremaneira nas últimas décadas, mas o país ainda tem uma elevada carga de doença associada a este fator de risco. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a carga de mortalidade, morbidade e custos para a sociedade associada ao tabagismo em 2015 e o potencial impacto gerado em desfechos de saúde e para a economia a partir do aumento de preços dos cigarros por meio de impostos. Foram desenvolvidos dois modelos: o primeiro é um modelo matemático baseado em uma microssimulação probabilística de milhares de indivíduos usando-se coortes hipotéticas que considerou a história natural, custos e a qualidade de vida destes indivíduos. O segundo é um modelo de impostos aplicado para estimar o benefício econômico e em desfechos de saúde de diferentes cenários de aumento de preços em 10 anos. O tabagismo foi responsável por 156.337 mortes, 4,2 milhões de anos de vida perdidos, 229.071 infartos agudos do miocárdio, 59.509 acidentes vasculares cerebrais e 77.500 diagnósticos de câncer. O custo total foi de R$ 56,9 bilhões, dos quais 70% corresponderam ao custo direto associado à assistência à saúde e o restante ao custo indireto devido à perda de produtividade por morte prematura e incapacidade. Um aumento de 50% do preço do cigarro evitaria 136.482 mortes, 507.451 casos de doenças cardiovasculares, 64.382 de casos de câncer e 100.365 acidentes vasculares cerebrais. O benefício econômico estimado seria de R$ 97,9 bilhões. Concluiu-se que a carga da doença e econômica associada ao tabagismo é elevada no Brasil e o aumento de impostos é capaz de evitar mortes, adoecimento e custos para a sociedade.Reports in Public HealthCadernos de Saúde Pública2019-08-29info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontext/htmltext/htmlapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://cadernos.ensp.fiocruz.br/ojs/index.php/csp/article/view/7000Reports in Public Health; Vol. 35 No. 8 (2019): AugustCadernos de Saúde Pública; v. 35 n. 8 (2019): Agosto 1678-44640102-311Xreponame:Cadernos de Saúde Públicainstname:Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)instacron:FIOCRUZengporhttps://cadernos.ensp.fiocruz.br/ojs/index.php/csp/article/view/7000/15240https://cadernos.ensp.fiocruz.br/ojs/index.php/csp/article/view/7000/15241https://cadernos.ensp.fiocruz.br/ojs/index.php/csp/article/view/7000/15242https://cadernos.ensp.fiocruz.br/ojs/index.php/csp/article/view/7000/15243Marcia PintoAriel BardachAlfredo PalaciosAline BizAndrea AlcarazBelen RodriguezFederico AugustovskiAndres Pichon-Riviereinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2024-03-06T15:29:39Zoai:ojs.teste-cadernos.ensp.fiocruz.br:article/7000Revistahttps://cadernos.ensp.fiocruz.br/ojs/index.php/csphttps://cadernos.ensp.fiocruz.br/ojs/index.php/csp/oaicadernos@ensp.fiocruz.br||cadernos@ensp.fiocruz.br1678-44640102-311Xopendoar:2024-03-06T13:08:01.752816Cadernos de Saúde Pública - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)true |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Burden of smoking in Brazil and potential benefit of increasing taxes on cigarettes for the economy and for reducing morbidity and mortality Carga do tabagismo no Brasil e benefício potencial do aumento de impostos sobre os cigarros para a economia e para a redução de mortes e adoecimento |
title |
Burden of smoking in Brazil and potential benefit of increasing taxes on cigarettes for the economy and for reducing morbidity and mortality |
spellingShingle |
Burden of smoking in Brazil and potential benefit of increasing taxes on cigarettes for the economy and for reducing morbidity and mortality Marcia Pinto Tobacco Use Disorder Cost of Ilness Costs and Cost Analysis Tabagismo Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença Custos e Análise de Custo |
title_short |
Burden of smoking in Brazil and potential benefit of increasing taxes on cigarettes for the economy and for reducing morbidity and mortality |
title_full |
Burden of smoking in Brazil and potential benefit of increasing taxes on cigarettes for the economy and for reducing morbidity and mortality |
title_fullStr |
Burden of smoking in Brazil and potential benefit of increasing taxes on cigarettes for the economy and for reducing morbidity and mortality |
title_full_unstemmed |
Burden of smoking in Brazil and potential benefit of increasing taxes on cigarettes for the economy and for reducing morbidity and mortality |
title_sort |
Burden of smoking in Brazil and potential benefit of increasing taxes on cigarettes for the economy and for reducing morbidity and mortality |
author |
Marcia Pinto |
author_facet |
Marcia Pinto Ariel Bardach Alfredo Palacios Aline Biz Andrea Alcaraz Belen Rodriguez Federico Augustovski Andres Pichon-Riviere |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Ariel Bardach Alfredo Palacios Aline Biz Andrea Alcaraz Belen Rodriguez Federico Augustovski Andres Pichon-Riviere |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Marcia Pinto Ariel Bardach Alfredo Palacios Aline Biz Andrea Alcaraz Belen Rodriguez Federico Augustovski Andres Pichon-Riviere |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Tobacco Use Disorder Cost of Ilness Costs and Cost Analysis Tabagismo Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença Custos e Análise de Custo |
topic |
Tobacco Use Disorder Cost of Ilness Costs and Cost Analysis Tabagismo Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença Custos e Análise de Custo |
description |
The prevalence of smoking in Brazil has decreased considerably in recent decades, but the country still has a high burden of disease associated with this risk factor. The study aimed to estimate the burden of mortality, morbidity, and costs for society associated with smoking in 2015 and the potential impact on health outcomes and the economy based on price increases for cigarettes through taxes. Two models were developed: the first is a mathematical model based on a probabilistic microsimulation of thousands of individuals using hypothetical cohorts that considered the natural history, costs, and quality of life of these individuals. The second is a tax model applied to estimate the economic benefit and health outcomes in different price increase scenarios in 10 years. Smoking was responsible for 156,337 deaths, 4.2 million years of potential life lost, 229,071 acute myocardial infarctions, 59,509 strokes, and 77,500 cancer diagnoses. The total cost was BRL 56.9 billion (USD 14.7 billion), with 70% corresponding to the direct cost associated with healthcare and the rest to indirect cost due to lost productivity from premature death and disability. A 50% increase in cigarette prices would avoid 136,482 deaths, 507,451 cases of cardiovascular diseases, 64,382 cases of cancer, and 100,365 cases of stroke. The estimated economic benefit would be BRL 97.9 billion (USD 25.5 billion). In conclusion, the burden of disease and economic losses associated with smoking is high in Brazil, and tax increases are capable of averting deaths, illness, and costs to society. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-08-29 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://cadernos.ensp.fiocruz.br/ojs/index.php/csp/article/view/7000 |
url |
https://cadernos.ensp.fiocruz.br/ojs/index.php/csp/article/view/7000 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng por |
language |
eng por |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://cadernos.ensp.fiocruz.br/ojs/index.php/csp/article/view/7000/15240 https://cadernos.ensp.fiocruz.br/ojs/index.php/csp/article/view/7000/15241 https://cadernos.ensp.fiocruz.br/ojs/index.php/csp/article/view/7000/15242 https://cadernos.ensp.fiocruz.br/ojs/index.php/csp/article/view/7000/15243 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
text/html text/html application/pdf application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Reports in Public Health Cadernos de Saúde Pública |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Reports in Public Health Cadernos de Saúde Pública |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Reports in Public Health; Vol. 35 No. 8 (2019): August Cadernos de Saúde Pública; v. 35 n. 8 (2019): Agosto 1678-4464 0102-311X reponame:Cadernos de Saúde Pública instname:Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) instacron:FIOCRUZ |
instname_str |
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) |
instacron_str |
FIOCRUZ |
institution |
FIOCRUZ |
reponame_str |
Cadernos de Saúde Pública |
collection |
Cadernos de Saúde Pública |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Cadernos de Saúde Pública - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
cadernos@ensp.fiocruz.br||cadernos@ensp.fiocruz.br |
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1798943388243853312 |