Ophthalmological adverse effect through the use of hydroxychloroquine and its analogues: a bibliographical review

• Autor(a) principal: Madeira, Luana de Souza
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Outros Autores: Grandi Ribeiro, Ana Luiza Mantovanelli, Fernandes, Mariana Pereato, Lima, Daniel José Matos de Medeiros
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Revista Científica da Faculdade de Medicina de Campos
• Texto Completo: https://www.fmc.br/ojs/index.php/RCFMC/article/view/412
• topic: Hidroxicloroquina; Retinopatia; Efeitos Adversos; Hydroxychloroquine, Retinopathy, Adverse effects, Follow-up; Hydroxychloroquine; Retinopathy; Adverse Effects

Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), due to their beneficial effects, have been widely used in several medical therapy scenarios. However, the important side effects associated with these drugs is the potential ophthalmic injury, specifically to the retina. Primarily, CQ was developed for treatment of falciparum malaria, however, in the current scenario it is widely used in several medical areas. The risk of toxicity of this drug depends on the dose and duration of therapy, and side effects reactions can reach the gastrointestinal tract, hematological, neurological, neuromuscular, dermatological and cardiological system, however, the ocular facts the most worrying, being the most known clinical characteristic of retinopathy by HCQ the bilateral maculopathy. To minimize its side effects, it is necessary to perform a screening of patients before starting HCQ or CQ therapy, where an initial examination should be performed to assess any complicated ocular conditions, the degree of risk and establish a record of the appearance of the fundus and visual field. Until the moment, no drug therapy tested has been effective in preventing or treating HCQ or CQ-induced retinopathy. It is important monitorization the patients using these medications. Despite the relatively low risk these damages may be irreversible, but when detected early, the greater chances are that the visual capacity will be preserved when stopping treatment.