Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A review of surgical techniques, materials used, and long-term results of total hip and knee arthroplasties.

• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Luiz Guilherme Sastre dos
• Data de Publicação: 2023
• Outros Autores: Franco, Rodrigo Guimarães, Tavares, Nicolas Conter, Rodrigues, Carolina Sastre, Pereira, Elder Nascimento
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences
• Texto Completo: https://bjihs.emnuvens.com.br/bjihs/article/view/638
• topic: Artroplastia; Quadril; Joelho; Técnicas cirúrgicas; Materiais; Arthroplasty; Hip; Knee; Surgical techniques; Materials

Total hip and knee arthroplasty are fundamental surgical interventions in orthopedics, providing pain relief and improving the quality of life for patients with severe joint diseases. This article reviews the surgical techniques, materials used, and long-term outcomes of these surgeries. Regarding surgical techniques, the choice of a specific approach should be based on individual factors such as patient anatomy and the surgeon's experience. In both hip and knee arthroplasty, advanced techniques like the anterior approach and unicompartimental approach have been explored, with an emphasis on the learning curve and surgical skills. The materials used, including metallic implants, high-density polyethylene, and bone cements, are crucial for implant durability. Research also focuses on innovative materials such as ceramic implants and nanomaterials, aiming to enhance biocompatibility and infection resistance. Long-term outcome assessment is essential to understand the impact on patients' quality of life. Patient satisfaction is a key indicator, with the majority reporting significant improvement. However, managing patient expectations and post-operative guidance are crucial. In conclusion, total hip and knee arthroplasties represent significant advances in orthopedics with notable benefits for patients. While challenges persist, research and clinical practice collaborate to optimize these procedures, increase implant durability, and ensure patients' ongoing well-being.