DETAILED ANALYSIS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS IN THE NORTHEAST REGION FROM 2020 TO 2023: DIAGNOSIS, THERAPY, AND CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS

• Autor(a) principal: Dutra , Aline Soares de Santana
• Data de Publicação: 2024
• Outros Autores: Dutra , Rafael Filipe Ferreira, Costa , Georges Ferreira da, Cruz , Bianca Ingrid Lopes da, Oliveira , Kleberson de, Souza , Narjara Kaenne Ferreira de, Jugo , Kelita Esther Laulate, Souza, Larissa Araújo de, Abeiya, Kondé-Abalo, Alexandre , Antonia sandriely Andrade, Farias , Graciela de Holanda, Farias , Estrela Cecília Moreira de Holanda
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences
• Texto Completo: https://bjihs.emnuvens.com.br/bjihs/article/view/1431
• topic: Esquistossomose, Nordeste, Mortalidade, Caramujo; Schistosomiasis, Northeast, Mortality, Snail

Schistosomiasis, known as "water belly," is an infectious disease caused by the parasite Schistosoma mansoni. Transmitted by freshwater snails, it affects approximately 240 million people globally, with Brazil being one of the most affected countries, accounting for 7 million cases. The prevalence is linked to precarious socio-economic conditions, especially in regions with a low Human Development Index, where the lack of basic sanitation facilitates its spread.  Methodology: This study consists of an observational and descriptive epidemiological analysis of schistosomiasis in the northeastern region of Brazil, covering the period from 2020 to 2023. Data from the Information System for Diseases and Notifications (SINAN), obtained through DATASUS's TABWIN, and Google Sheets were used for analysis. Additionally, a comprehensive literature review was conducted, exploring databases such as Scielo, LILACS, and PUBMED, focusing on the keywords "Schistosomiasis," "Northeast," and "Mortality." Results: Between 2020 and 2023, schistosomiasis in Bahia exhibited notable variations, indicating the impacts of prevention strategies and challenges in disease control. Sergipe experienced fluctuations, reflecting challenges in control efforts. Rio Grande do Norte showed a reduction in 2020 but persistent challenges in 2021. Maranhão witnessed an increase after an initial decline. Piauí had low incidence in 2020 and 2022, with no cases in 2023. In Paraíba, there was a significant increase in 2021, followed by variations. Ceará exhibited a decrease in 2020 and an increase in 2021, followed by a decline. Alagoas experienced a reduction in 2020, an increase in 2021, and moderate variations in 2022 and 2023. The following tables detail the cases in each Northeastern state from 2020 to 2023. Conclusion: The crucial influence of basic sanitation stands out in the parasite's life cycle, while epidemiological analysis indicates a higher prevalence among individuals aged 15 to 20 years, with diverse clinical manifestations. The challenging diagnosis requires a clinical-epidemiological approach, and chemotherapeutic treatment, mainly with Praziquantel, is essential. Variations in cases among states highlight persistent challenges in disease control, emphasizing the need for strategies adapted to local conditions.