Morphometric of fruits and Seeds of Brazil Nut Tree Populations (Bertholletia excelsa Humb. Bonpl.: Lecythidaceae) in Pará Southeastern as a Parameter of Phenotypic Variation

• Autor(a) principal: Rangel Albuquerque, Alisson
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Outros Autores: Vieira Souza, Lohana, Oliveira de Paiva, João Enrique, Caldas Soares, Tales, Carmo Rocha, Mateus, Pupo Raimam, Milena, Macedo Vieira, André Luis
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biodiversidade Brasileira
• Texto Completo: https://revistaeletronica.icmbio.gov.br/BioBR/article/view/1843
• topic: Chestnut trees; fruits biometry; seeds biometrics; Castanhais; biometria de sementes; biometria de frutos; Castaños; biometría de frutas; biometría de semillas

 The Brazil-nut (Bertholletia excels Humb. Bonpl., Lecythidaceae) is a law-protected Amazon native species in Brazil, classified as vulnerable in risk terms of extinction and quite explored by extractivists. The objective of this study consisted to evaluate the phenotypic diversity in different population of Bertholletia excelsa by fruits and seeds morphometry. A total of 60 fruits were evaluated, from three populations located in three Pará southeast areas: Tapirapé-Aquiri National Forest (FLONATA), Carajás National Forest (FLONACA) and Sousa Farm (FAZENDA). The measured variables were: number of seeds per fruit (NS), fruit weight (FW), fruit length (FL), fruit width (FWi), operculum diameter (OD), seed weight (SW), seed length (SL), seed width (Swi) and seed thickness (ST). These were tested about normality (Shapiro-Wilk) and homocedasticity (Bartlett) and posteriorly submitted to a variance test (ANOVA). A means comparison test was made (Tuckey) and multivariate analysis (PCA) to evaluate relations between the morphometric variable with different collection areas. The analysis evidenced the formation of three correspondent groups (FLONATA, FLONACA and FAZENDA), being the first that stands out for showing average measurements superior to mostly of the tested variables and significantly differs to the other two who does not differ among themselves. These answers evidenced greater phenotypic variation in populations that occur in environments with different edaphoclimatic conditions evidencing the importance of consider the exogenous factors besides the endogenous factors.