Ecology of Anopheles gambiae in Brazil

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Causey, Ottis R
Data de Publicação: 1943
Outros Autores: Deane, Leônidas de Mello, Deane, Maria Paumgartten
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Digital do Instituto Evandro Chagas (Patuá)
Texto Completo: https://patua.iec.gov.br/handle/iec/2155
Resumo: Several colonies of Anopheles gambiae were established in the laboratory. Egg production by colony bred females was considerably less than that of wild females, the former averaging 94 and the latter 192 eggs per batch. Oviposition occurred throughout the night but most frequently during the hours before midnight. No difference was observed in the hatching rate of eggs from wild and laboratory bred females. In a series of experiments in the laboratory involving more than 13,000 eggs the duration of the period between oviposition and pupation varied between 7 and 27 days. When kept under favorable conditions larvae were brought through to pupation in 4 days and 22 hours. The shortest pupal stage observed was 19 hours. Anopheles gambiae was shown to be highly domestic by the fact of its presence in occupied houses and rooms used as sleeping quarters, and by its relative absence from unoccupied houses and rooms not slept in by man. A direct correlation was demonstrated between the number of Anopheles gambiae discovered and the darkness of any given room. Migration from houses situated in a moist region was less than from houses in a hot dry region. In the former, however, more than four-fifths of the mosquito population in any given house changed within 24 hours after observations were begun. Experiments using both man and animal bait inside and outside of houses revealed that Anopheles gambiae feeds only inside houses and that man constitutes the preferred host. Dissections on the three species of Anopheles prevalent in the experimental areas showed Anopheles gambiae to be the principal vector of malaria with an infection rate of 5.6 per cent as compared with rates of 1.5 and 0 for a species of the tarsimaculatus series and Anopheles albitarsis respectively. The gametocyte rate of the human population varied between 9.3 per cent and 20.9 per cent, during the period when dissections were made. Sixty-six laboratory bred Anopheles gambiae dissected after feeding on five human gametocyte carriers showed an infection rate of 9.1 per cent. Mosquitoes fed on three of the carriers failed to show oocysts while the stomach infection rate of specimens fed on the other two cases were 33.3 and 4.2 per cent. Preferred breeding places of Anopheles gambiae were found to be small collections of fresh water, comparatively free of vegetation, fully exposed to the sun, and usually near human habitation. Such collections were available in northeast Brazil throughout the year. Although gambiae larvae were never found in brackish water in nature, laboratory experiments showed that development could take place up to one per cent sodium chloride concentration.
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spelling Causey, Ottis RDeane, Leônidas de MelloDeane, Maria Paumgartten2016-06-09T12:07:11Z1943CAUSEY, Ottis R.; DEANE, Leônidas de Mello.; DEANE, Maria Paumgartten. Ecology of Anopheles gambiae in Brazil. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, v. 23, n. 1, p. 73-94, 1943. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1943.s1-23.730096-6746https://patua.iec.gov.br/handle/iec/215510.4269/ajtmh.1943.s1-23.73Several colonies of Anopheles gambiae were established in the laboratory. Egg production by colony bred females was considerably less than that of wild females, the former averaging 94 and the latter 192 eggs per batch. Oviposition occurred throughout the night but most frequently during the hours before midnight. No difference was observed in the hatching rate of eggs from wild and laboratory bred females. In a series of experiments in the laboratory involving more than 13,000 eggs the duration of the period between oviposition and pupation varied between 7 and 27 days. When kept under favorable conditions larvae were brought through to pupation in 4 days and 22 hours. The shortest pupal stage observed was 19 hours. Anopheles gambiae was shown to be highly domestic by the fact of its presence in occupied houses and rooms used as sleeping quarters, and by its relative absence from unoccupied houses and rooms not slept in by man. A direct correlation was demonstrated between the number of Anopheles gambiae discovered and the darkness of any given room. Migration from houses situated in a moist region was less than from houses in a hot dry region. In the former, however, more than four-fifths of the mosquito population in any given house changed within 24 hours after observations were begun. Experiments using both man and animal bait inside and outside of houses revealed that Anopheles gambiae feeds only inside houses and that man constitutes the preferred host. Dissections on the three species of Anopheles prevalent in the experimental areas showed Anopheles gambiae to be the principal vector of malaria with an infection rate of 5.6 per cent as compared with rates of 1.5 and 0 for a species of the tarsimaculatus series and Anopheles albitarsis respectively. The gametocyte rate of the human population varied between 9.3 per cent and 20.9 per cent, during the period when dissections were made. Sixty-six laboratory bred Anopheles gambiae dissected after feeding on five human gametocyte carriers showed an infection rate of 9.1 per cent. Mosquitoes fed on three of the carriers failed to show oocysts while the stomach infection rate of specimens fed on the other two cases were 33.3 and 4.2 per cent. Preferred breeding places of Anopheles gambiae were found to be small collections of fresh water, comparatively free of vegetation, fully exposed to the sun, and usually near human habitation. Such collections were available in northeast Brazil throughout the year. Although gambiae larvae were never found in brackish water in nature, laboratory experiments showed that development could take place up to one per cent sodium chloride concentration.Laboratory of the Malaria Service of the Northeast at Aracati. Aracati, CE, Brazil.Laboratory of the Malaria Service of the Northeast at Aracati. Aracati, CE, Brazil.Laboratory of the Malaria Service of the Northeast at Aracati. 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dc.title.pt_BR.fl_str_mv Ecology of Anopheles gambiae in Brazil
title Ecology of Anopheles gambiae in Brazil
spellingShingle Ecology of Anopheles gambiae in Brazil
Causey, Ottis R
Anopheles / classificação
Anopheles gambiae
Ecologia
Técnicas e Procedimentos de Laboratório
title_short Ecology of Anopheles gambiae in Brazil
title_full Ecology of Anopheles gambiae in Brazil
title_fullStr Ecology of Anopheles gambiae in Brazil
title_full_unstemmed Ecology of Anopheles gambiae in Brazil
title_sort Ecology of Anopheles gambiae in Brazil
author Causey, Ottis R
author_facet Causey, Ottis R
Deane, Leônidas de Mello
Deane, Maria Paumgartten
author_role author
author2 Deane, Leônidas de Mello
Deane, Maria Paumgartten
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Causey, Ottis R
Deane, Leônidas de Mello
Deane, Maria Paumgartten
dc.subject.decsPrimary.pt_BR.fl_str_mv Anopheles / classificação
Anopheles gambiae
Ecologia
Técnicas e Procedimentos de Laboratório
topic Anopheles / classificação
Anopheles gambiae
Ecologia
Técnicas e Procedimentos de Laboratório
description Several colonies of Anopheles gambiae were established in the laboratory. Egg production by colony bred females was considerably less than that of wild females, the former averaging 94 and the latter 192 eggs per batch. Oviposition occurred throughout the night but most frequently during the hours before midnight. No difference was observed in the hatching rate of eggs from wild and laboratory bred females. In a series of experiments in the laboratory involving more than 13,000 eggs the duration of the period between oviposition and pupation varied between 7 and 27 days. When kept under favorable conditions larvae were brought through to pupation in 4 days and 22 hours. The shortest pupal stage observed was 19 hours. Anopheles gambiae was shown to be highly domestic by the fact of its presence in occupied houses and rooms used as sleeping quarters, and by its relative absence from unoccupied houses and rooms not slept in by man. A direct correlation was demonstrated between the number of Anopheles gambiae discovered and the darkness of any given room. Migration from houses situated in a moist region was less than from houses in a hot dry region. In the former, however, more than four-fifths of the mosquito population in any given house changed within 24 hours after observations were begun. Experiments using both man and animal bait inside and outside of houses revealed that Anopheles gambiae feeds only inside houses and that man constitutes the preferred host. Dissections on the three species of Anopheles prevalent in the experimental areas showed Anopheles gambiae to be the principal vector of malaria with an infection rate of 5.6 per cent as compared with rates of 1.5 and 0 for a species of the tarsimaculatus series and Anopheles albitarsis respectively. The gametocyte rate of the human population varied between 9.3 per cent and 20.9 per cent, during the period when dissections were made. Sixty-six laboratory bred Anopheles gambiae dissected after feeding on five human gametocyte carriers showed an infection rate of 9.1 per cent. Mosquitoes fed on three of the carriers failed to show oocysts while the stomach infection rate of specimens fed on the other two cases were 33.3 and 4.2 per cent. Preferred breeding places of Anopheles gambiae were found to be small collections of fresh water, comparatively free of vegetation, fully exposed to the sun, and usually near human habitation. Such collections were available in northeast Brazil throughout the year. Although gambiae larvae were never found in brackish water in nature, laboratory experiments showed that development could take place up to one per cent sodium chloride concentration.
publishDate 1943
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv 1943
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dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv CAUSEY, Ottis R.; DEANE, Leônidas de Mello.; DEANE, Maria Paumgartten. Ecology of Anopheles gambiae in Brazil. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, v. 23, n. 1, p. 73-94, 1943. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1943.s1-23.73
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://patua.iec.gov.br/handle/iec/2155
dc.identifier.issn.-.fl_str_mv 0096-6746
dc.identifier.doi.pt_BR.fl_str_mv 10.4269/ajtmh.1943.s1-23.73
identifier_str_mv CAUSEY, Ottis R.; DEANE, Leônidas de Mello.; DEANE, Maria Paumgartten. Ecology of Anopheles gambiae in Brazil. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, v. 23, n. 1, p. 73-94, 1943. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1943.s1-23.73
0096-6746
10.4269/ajtmh.1943.s1-23.73
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