Prevalence and intensity of pain during diagnostic hysteroscopy in women attending an infertility clinic: analysis of 489 cases
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2020 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Einstein (São Paulo) |
Texto Completo: | http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-45082020000100221 |
Resumo: | ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the prevalence and intensity of pain perception during diagnostic hysteroscopy in women and potential related factors. Methods A total of 489 women were investigated at an infertility clinic. Fluid diagnostic hysteroscopy was performed without analgesia or anesthesia by gynecologists with different levels of experience in operative hysteroscopy, using a 2.9mm rigid scope. The Visual Analog Scale was used to score pain intensity after vaginal speculum insertion and after hysteroscopy. Data collected included age, ethnicity, body mass index, history of infertility and endometrial surgery (curettage and/or hysteroscopy), smoking habits, and hysteroscopy diagnosis. Only the state of anxiety was assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory given to each patient before the procedure. Results Hysteroscopy median (25th to 75th) Visual Analog Scale scored 3.3 (3 to 5), and 41.7% of the women referred Visual Analog Scale score ≥4. Median (25th to 75th) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory score was 42 (38 to 45), and 58.3% of the women referred State-Trait Anxiety Inventory score >40. Hysteroscopy Visual Analog Scale score was significantly correlated to surgeon experience and to vaginal speculum insertion but not to State-Trait Anxiety Inventory score, ethnicity or abnormal hysteroscopic findings. Conclusion Diagnostic hysteroscopy was mostly perceived as a mild discomfort procedure by most women. Nevertheless, in a considerable number of cases, women perceived hysteroscopy as painful. Pain perception was linked to individual pain threshold and surgeon experience, but not to pre-procedural anxiety state levels, ethnicity or abnormal hysteroscopic findings. |
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Prevalence and intensity of pain during diagnostic hysteroscopy in women attending an infertility clinic: analysis of 489 casesPain perceptionVisual Analog ScaleHysteroscopyAnxietyInfertilityABSTRACT Objective To investigate the prevalence and intensity of pain perception during diagnostic hysteroscopy in women and potential related factors. Methods A total of 489 women were investigated at an infertility clinic. Fluid diagnostic hysteroscopy was performed without analgesia or anesthesia by gynecologists with different levels of experience in operative hysteroscopy, using a 2.9mm rigid scope. The Visual Analog Scale was used to score pain intensity after vaginal speculum insertion and after hysteroscopy. Data collected included age, ethnicity, body mass index, history of infertility and endometrial surgery (curettage and/or hysteroscopy), smoking habits, and hysteroscopy diagnosis. Only the state of anxiety was assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory given to each patient before the procedure. Results Hysteroscopy median (25th to 75th) Visual Analog Scale scored 3.3 (3 to 5), and 41.7% of the women referred Visual Analog Scale score ≥4. Median (25th to 75th) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory score was 42 (38 to 45), and 58.3% of the women referred State-Trait Anxiety Inventory score >40. Hysteroscopy Visual Analog Scale score was significantly correlated to surgeon experience and to vaginal speculum insertion but not to State-Trait Anxiety Inventory score, ethnicity or abnormal hysteroscopic findings. Conclusion Diagnostic hysteroscopy was mostly perceived as a mild discomfort procedure by most women. Nevertheless, in a considerable number of cases, women perceived hysteroscopy as painful. Pain perception was linked to individual pain threshold and surgeon experience, but not to pre-procedural anxiety state levels, ethnicity or abnormal hysteroscopic findings.Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein2020-01-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontext/htmlhttp://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-45082020000100221einstein (São Paulo) v.18 2020reponame:Einstein (São Paulo)instname:Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein (IIEPAE)instacron:IIEPAE10.31744/einstein_journal/2020ao4916info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessPegoraro,AndréaSantos,Marcelo EttruriTakamori,Jean TetsuoCarvalho,Waldemar de Almeida Pereira deOliveira,Renato deBarbosa,Caio Parentevan Nimwegen,Ângelaeng2019-12-10T00:00:00Zoai:scielo:S1679-45082020000100221Revistahttps://journal.einstein.br/pt-br/ONGhttps://old.scielo.br/oai/scielo-oai.php||revista@einstein.br2317-63851679-4508opendoar:2019-12-10T00:00Einstein (São Paulo) - Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein (IIEPAE)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Prevalence and intensity of pain during diagnostic hysteroscopy in women attending an infertility clinic: analysis of 489 cases |
title |
Prevalence and intensity of pain during diagnostic hysteroscopy in women attending an infertility clinic: analysis of 489 cases |
spellingShingle |
Prevalence and intensity of pain during diagnostic hysteroscopy in women attending an infertility clinic: analysis of 489 cases Pegoraro,Andréa Pain perception Visual Analog Scale Hysteroscopy Anxiety Infertility |
title_short |
Prevalence and intensity of pain during diagnostic hysteroscopy in women attending an infertility clinic: analysis of 489 cases |
title_full |
Prevalence and intensity of pain during diagnostic hysteroscopy in women attending an infertility clinic: analysis of 489 cases |
title_fullStr |
Prevalence and intensity of pain during diagnostic hysteroscopy in women attending an infertility clinic: analysis of 489 cases |
title_full_unstemmed |
Prevalence and intensity of pain during diagnostic hysteroscopy in women attending an infertility clinic: analysis of 489 cases |
title_sort |
Prevalence and intensity of pain during diagnostic hysteroscopy in women attending an infertility clinic: analysis of 489 cases |
author |
Pegoraro,Andréa |
author_facet |
Pegoraro,Andréa Santos,Marcelo Ettruri Takamori,Jean Tetsuo Carvalho,Waldemar de Almeida Pereira de Oliveira,Renato de Barbosa,Caio Parente van Nimwegen,Ângela |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Santos,Marcelo Ettruri Takamori,Jean Tetsuo Carvalho,Waldemar de Almeida Pereira de Oliveira,Renato de Barbosa,Caio Parente van Nimwegen,Ângela |
author2_role |
author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Pegoraro,Andréa Santos,Marcelo Ettruri Takamori,Jean Tetsuo Carvalho,Waldemar de Almeida Pereira de Oliveira,Renato de Barbosa,Caio Parente van Nimwegen,Ângela |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Pain perception Visual Analog Scale Hysteroscopy Anxiety Infertility |
topic |
Pain perception Visual Analog Scale Hysteroscopy Anxiety Infertility |
description |
ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the prevalence and intensity of pain perception during diagnostic hysteroscopy in women and potential related factors. Methods A total of 489 women were investigated at an infertility clinic. Fluid diagnostic hysteroscopy was performed without analgesia or anesthesia by gynecologists with different levels of experience in operative hysteroscopy, using a 2.9mm rigid scope. The Visual Analog Scale was used to score pain intensity after vaginal speculum insertion and after hysteroscopy. Data collected included age, ethnicity, body mass index, history of infertility and endometrial surgery (curettage and/or hysteroscopy), smoking habits, and hysteroscopy diagnosis. Only the state of anxiety was assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory given to each patient before the procedure. Results Hysteroscopy median (25th to 75th) Visual Analog Scale scored 3.3 (3 to 5), and 41.7% of the women referred Visual Analog Scale score ≥4. Median (25th to 75th) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory score was 42 (38 to 45), and 58.3% of the women referred State-Trait Anxiety Inventory score >40. Hysteroscopy Visual Analog Scale score was significantly correlated to surgeon experience and to vaginal speculum insertion but not to State-Trait Anxiety Inventory score, ethnicity or abnormal hysteroscopic findings. Conclusion Diagnostic hysteroscopy was mostly perceived as a mild discomfort procedure by most women. Nevertheless, in a considerable number of cases, women perceived hysteroscopy as painful. Pain perception was linked to individual pain threshold and surgeon experience, but not to pre-procedural anxiety state levels, ethnicity or abnormal hysteroscopic findings. |
publishDate |
2020 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-01-01 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-45082020000100221 |
url |
http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-45082020000100221 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
10.31744/einstein_journal/2020ao4916 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
text/html |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
einstein (São Paulo) v.18 2020 reponame:Einstein (São Paulo) instname:Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein (IIEPAE) instacron:IIEPAE |
instname_str |
Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein (IIEPAE) |
instacron_str |
IIEPAE |
institution |
IIEPAE |
reponame_str |
Einstein (São Paulo) |
collection |
Einstein (São Paulo) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Einstein (São Paulo) - Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein (IIEPAE) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
||revista@einstein.br |
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1752129910026010624 |