Reactivation of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a patient with Oropharyngeal Cancer Treated with Nivolumab: Case Report

• Autor(a) principal: Loiola, Fernanda Navarro
• Data de Publicação: 2024
• Outros Autores: Fernandes, Henrique Zanoni
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: por; eng
• Título da fonte: Revista Brasileira de Cancerologia (Online)
• Texto Completo: https://rbc.inca.gov.br/index.php/revista/article/view/4477
• topic: inibidores de checkpoint imunológico; tuberculose pulmonar; tuberculose latente; immune checkpoint inhibitors; tuberculosis, pulmonary; latent tuberculosis; inhibidores de puntos de control inmunológico; tuberculosis pulmonar; tuberculosis latente

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are a class of drugs that are increasingly used to treat cancer. However, they have been associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis (TB) reactivation in patients with latent TB infection (LTBI). Case report: 61-year-old woman with oropharyngeal cancer who developed TB reactivation while receiving Nivolumab. The reactivation of TB in patients receiving ICI is thought to be due to the inhibition of the PD-1 pathway, which plays a role in the control of LTBI. The incidence of TB reactivation in patients receiving ICI is higher than in the general population. Conclusion: The increasing use of ICI is likely to lead to an increase in the number of cases of TB reactivation. It is suggested that routine screening for LTBI should be performed in patients who are being considered for treatment with ICI, especially in countries with a high incidence of TB.