Executive dysfunction and low academic attainment in adolescent substance abusers with a history of maltreatment

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Cunha,Paulo Jannuzzi
Data de Publicação: 2015
Outros Autores: Oliveira,Paula Approbato de, Cortezzi,Mariana, Busatto,Geraldo F., Scivoletto,Sandra
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: MedicalExpress (São Paulo. Online)
Texto Completo: http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2358-04292015000600006
Resumo: OBJECTIVE: Substance abuse and maltreatment are highly associated with Executive Cognitive Function impairments, but very little is known about how symptoms of a condition known as Dysexecutive Syndrome may impact on real-life activities, especially in adolescents. This study investigated the presence of Executive Cognitive Function deficits in maltreated substance-abusing adolescents relative to healthy control subjects and analyzed the association between executive performance and educational attainment. METHOD: The sample consisted of 15 maltreated adolescent substance abusers and 15 non-maltreated healthy adolescents (controls). They were assessed by the Frontal Assessment Battery, composed of six subtests: Conceptualization, Mental flexibility, Motor programming, Sensitivity to interference, Inhibitory control, and Environmental autonomy. RESULTS: Maltreated adolescents did not differ from controls in sociodemographic variables such as age, ethnicity, and handedness. However, they performed significantly and importantly below controls in almost all domains of Executive Cognitive Function, including abstract abilities, cognitive flexibility, motor planning, and sensitivity to interference. Maltreated adolescents also completed fewer years of formal education vs. controls. The Frontal Assessment Battery total score correlated with educational attainment throughout the sample (r = 0.511; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Substance-abusing adolescents with a history of maltreatment performed more poorly vs. controls on a variety of measurements of executive functioning, and the results of the Frontal Assessment Battery were associated with educational attainment. Our results evidence a negative impact of dysexecutive symptoms on educational attainment in adolescents. Strategies focusing on neuropsychological rehabilitation may be relevant to help substance-abusing and maltreated adolescents to perform better at school and perhaps in life.
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spelling Executive dysfunction and low academic attainment in adolescent substance abusers with a history of maltreatmentNeuropsychologyAdolescentsAddictionEducational attainment OBJECTIVE: Substance abuse and maltreatment are highly associated with Executive Cognitive Function impairments, but very little is known about how symptoms of a condition known as Dysexecutive Syndrome may impact on real-life activities, especially in adolescents. This study investigated the presence of Executive Cognitive Function deficits in maltreated substance-abusing adolescents relative to healthy control subjects and analyzed the association between executive performance and educational attainment. METHOD: The sample consisted of 15 maltreated adolescent substance abusers and 15 non-maltreated healthy adolescents (controls). They were assessed by the Frontal Assessment Battery, composed of six subtests: Conceptualization, Mental flexibility, Motor programming, Sensitivity to interference, Inhibitory control, and Environmental autonomy. RESULTS: Maltreated adolescents did not differ from controls in sociodemographic variables such as age, ethnicity, and handedness. However, they performed significantly and importantly below controls in almost all domains of Executive Cognitive Function, including abstract abilities, cognitive flexibility, motor planning, and sensitivity to interference. Maltreated adolescents also completed fewer years of formal education vs. controls. The Frontal Assessment Battery total score correlated with educational attainment throughout the sample (r = 0.511; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Substance-abusing adolescents with a history of maltreatment performed more poorly vs. controls on a variety of measurements of executive functioning, and the results of the Frontal Assessment Battery were associated with educational attainment. Our results evidence a negative impact of dysexecutive symptoms on educational attainment in adolescents. Strategies focusing on neuropsychological rehabilitation may be relevant to help substance-abusing and maltreated adolescents to perform better at school and perhaps in life.Mavera Edições Técnicas e Científicas Ltda2015-12-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontext/htmlhttp://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2358-04292015000600006MedicalExpress v.2 n.6 2015reponame:MedicalExpress (São Paulo. Online)instname:Mavera Edições Científicas e Técnicas Ltda-MEinstacron:METC10.5935/MedicalExpress.2015.06.06info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessCunha,Paulo JannuzziOliveira,Paula Approbato deCortezzi,MarianaBusatto,Geraldo F.Scivoletto,Sandraeng2016-02-16T00:00:00Zoai:scielo:S2358-04292015000600006Revistahttp://www.medicalexpress.net.brhttps://old.scielo.br/oai/scielo-oai.php||medicalexpress@me.net.br2358-04292318-8111opendoar:2016-02-16T00:00MedicalExpress (São Paulo. Online) - Mavera Edições Científicas e Técnicas Ltda-MEfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Executive dysfunction and low academic attainment in adolescent substance abusers with a history of maltreatment
title Executive dysfunction and low academic attainment in adolescent substance abusers with a history of maltreatment
spellingShingle Executive dysfunction and low academic attainment in adolescent substance abusers with a history of maltreatment
Cunha,Paulo Jannuzzi
Neuropsychology
Adolescents
Addiction
Educational attainment
title_short Executive dysfunction and low academic attainment in adolescent substance abusers with a history of maltreatment
title_full Executive dysfunction and low academic attainment in adolescent substance abusers with a history of maltreatment
title_fullStr Executive dysfunction and low academic attainment in adolescent substance abusers with a history of maltreatment
title_full_unstemmed Executive dysfunction and low academic attainment in adolescent substance abusers with a history of maltreatment
title_sort Executive dysfunction and low academic attainment in adolescent substance abusers with a history of maltreatment
author Cunha,Paulo Jannuzzi
author_facet Cunha,Paulo Jannuzzi
Oliveira,Paula Approbato de
Cortezzi,Mariana
Busatto,Geraldo F.
Scivoletto,Sandra
author_role author
author2 Oliveira,Paula Approbato de
Cortezzi,Mariana
Busatto,Geraldo F.
Scivoletto,Sandra
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Cunha,Paulo Jannuzzi
Oliveira,Paula Approbato de
Cortezzi,Mariana
Busatto,Geraldo F.
Scivoletto,Sandra
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Neuropsychology
Adolescents
Addiction
Educational attainment
topic Neuropsychology
Adolescents
Addiction
Educational attainment
description OBJECTIVE: Substance abuse and maltreatment are highly associated with Executive Cognitive Function impairments, but very little is known about how symptoms of a condition known as Dysexecutive Syndrome may impact on real-life activities, especially in adolescents. This study investigated the presence of Executive Cognitive Function deficits in maltreated substance-abusing adolescents relative to healthy control subjects and analyzed the association between executive performance and educational attainment. METHOD: The sample consisted of 15 maltreated adolescent substance abusers and 15 non-maltreated healthy adolescents (controls). They were assessed by the Frontal Assessment Battery, composed of six subtests: Conceptualization, Mental flexibility, Motor programming, Sensitivity to interference, Inhibitory control, and Environmental autonomy. RESULTS: Maltreated adolescents did not differ from controls in sociodemographic variables such as age, ethnicity, and handedness. However, they performed significantly and importantly below controls in almost all domains of Executive Cognitive Function, including abstract abilities, cognitive flexibility, motor planning, and sensitivity to interference. Maltreated adolescents also completed fewer years of formal education vs. controls. The Frontal Assessment Battery total score correlated with educational attainment throughout the sample (r = 0.511; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Substance-abusing adolescents with a history of maltreatment performed more poorly vs. controls on a variety of measurements of executive functioning, and the results of the Frontal Assessment Battery were associated with educational attainment. Our results evidence a negative impact of dysexecutive symptoms on educational attainment in adolescents. Strategies focusing on neuropsychological rehabilitation may be relevant to help substance-abusing and maltreated adolescents to perform better at school and perhaps in life.
publishDate 2015
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2015-12-01
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
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dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv 10.5935/MedicalExpress.2015.06.06
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Mavera Edições Técnicas e Científicas Ltda
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Mavera Edições Técnicas e Científicas Ltda
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv MedicalExpress v.2 n.6 2015
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