“Where does the Indian begin and where does it end?”: Legal-Criminal Categories in Peru, 1920s-1940s, and two Bolivian Cases from the 1940s*

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: David, Lior Ben
Data de Publicação: 2017
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Estudos Ibero-Americanos
Texto Completo: https://revistaseletronicas.pucrs.br/index.php/iberoamericana/article/view/24278
Resumo: How to treat the Indians? During the first half of the 20th century, with the rise of the indigenismo and under the influence of positivist ideas, this old colonial question reappeared in Latin America in the field of criminal law. A major part of the debate over the legal status of Indian criminals revolved around who exactly was the Indian that deserved or needed a special penal treatment. This question will be examined here mainly in the context of Peru, where the 1924 Penal Code introduced new legal categories of Indian criminals, and also in two Bolivian legislative proposals that sought to adapt the criminal law to “the Indian reality” of their country. The ways by which these criminal categories were interpreted by Peruvian courts and reformulated by various Peruvian and Bolivian legislative proposals, reshaped internal boundaries within these nations, and implicitly redefined the term “Indian” itself. In the Peruvian context, they also reflected the changes in the indigenismo during the 1920s-1940s.
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spelling “Where does the Indian begin and where does it end?”: Legal-Criminal Categories in Peru, 1920s-1940s, and two Bolivian Cases from the 1940s*“¿Dónde empieza y acaba el indio?”: Categorías jurídicas-penales en el Perú, 1920-1940, y dos casos bolivianos desde la década de 1940“Onde começa o índio e onde termina?”: Categorias Legais-Criminais no Peru, Anos 1920-1940, e dois Casos Bolivianos dos Anos 1940indigenismoIndianscriminal lawPeruBolivia.indigenismoindiosley criminalPeruBoliviaindigenismoíndioslei criminalPeruBolíviaHow to treat the Indians? During the first half of the 20th century, with the rise of the indigenismo and under the influence of positivist ideas, this old colonial question reappeared in Latin America in the field of criminal law. A major part of the debate over the legal status of Indian criminals revolved around who exactly was the Indian that deserved or needed a special penal treatment. This question will be examined here mainly in the context of Peru, where the 1924 Penal Code introduced new legal categories of Indian criminals, and also in two Bolivian legislative proposals that sought to adapt the criminal law to “the Indian reality” of their country. The ways by which these criminal categories were interpreted by Peruvian courts and reformulated by various Peruvian and Bolivian legislative proposals, reshaped internal boundaries within these nations, and implicitly redefined the term “Indian” itself. In the Peruvian context, they also reflected the changes in the indigenismo during the 1920s-1940s.¿Cómo tratar a los indios? Durante la primera mitad del siglo 20, con el surgimiento del indigenismo y bajo la influencia de las ideas positivistas, esta antigua cuestión colonial reapareció en América Latina en el ámbito del derecho penal. Una parte importante del debate sobre la situación jurídica de los criminales indígenas giraba en torno a quién exactamente era el indio que merecía o necesitaba un tratamiento penal especial. Esta cuestión se analizará aquí principalmente en el contexto de Perú, donde el Código Penal de 1924 introdujo nuevas categorías legales de criminales indígenas, y también en dos propuestas legislativas bolivianas que pretendían adaptar la legislación penal a “la realidad indígena” de su país. Las maneras en que estas categorías criminales fueron interpretadas por los tribunales peruanos y reformuladas por diversas propuestas legislativas peruanas y bolivianas, rediseñaron las fronteras interiores de estas naciones, y redefinieron implícitamente el propio término “indio”. En el contexto peruano, también reflejaban los cambios en el indigenismo durante los años 1920-1940.Como tratar os Índios? Durante a primeira metade do Século 20, com a ascensão do indigenismo e sob a influência das ideias positivistas, esta antiga questão colonial reapareceu na América Latina no campo da legislação criminal. Uma grande parte do debate sobre o status legal dos criminosos indígenas girava em torno de quem exatamente seria o Índio que mereceria ou precisaria de um tratamento penal especial. Esta questão será examinada aqui, principalmente no contexto do Peru, onde o Código Penal de 1924 introduziu novas categorias legais de criminosos Indígenas, e também em duas propostas legislativas Bolivianas que procuraram adaptar a legislação criminal à “realidade Indígena” do seu país. As maneiras como estas categorias criminais foram interpretadas pelas cortes Peruanas, e reformuladas por diversas propostas legislativas Peruanas e Bolivianas, redesenharam as fronteiras interiores destas nações, e implicitamente redefiniram o termo “índio” em si mesmo. No contexto Peruano, elas também refletiram as mudanças do Indigenismo durante os anos 1920/1940.Editora da PUCRS - ediPUCRS2017-03-23info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://revistaseletronicas.pucrs.br/index.php/iberoamericana/article/view/2427810.15448/1980-864X.2017.1.24278Estudos Ibero-Americanos; Vol. 43 No. 1 (2017): Dossier - Actors and Trajectories of the Indigenous Field in Americas; 21-36Estudos Ibero-Americanos; Vol. 43 Núm. 1 (2017): Dosier - Actores y Trayectorias del Campo Indigenista en las Américas; 21-36Estudos Ibero-Americanos; v. 43 n. 1 (2017): Dossiê - Atores e Trajetórias do Campo Indigenista nas Américas; 21-361980-864X0101-406410.15448/1980-864X.2017.1reponame:Estudos Ibero-Americanosinstname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)instacron:PUC_RSenghttps://revistaseletronicas.pucrs.br/index.php/iberoamericana/article/view/24278/15456Copyright (c) 2017 Lior Ben Davidhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessDavid, Lior Ben2017-07-04T17:23:05Zoai:ojs.revistaseletronicas.pucrs.br:article/24278Revistahttps://revistaseletronicas.pucrs.br/index.php/iberoamericanaPRIhttps://revistaseletronicas.pucrs.br/index.php/iberoamericana/oaieditora.periodicos@pucrs.br||eia@pucrs.br1980-864X0101-4064opendoar:2017-07-04T17:23:05Estudos Ibero-Americanos - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv “Where does the Indian begin and where does it end?”: Legal-Criminal Categories in Peru, 1920s-1940s, and two Bolivian Cases from the 1940s*
“¿Dónde empieza y acaba el indio?”: Categorías jurídicas-penales en el Perú, 1920-1940, y dos casos bolivianos desde la década de 1940
“Onde começa o índio e onde termina?”: Categorias Legais-Criminais no Peru, Anos 1920-1940, e dois Casos Bolivianos dos Anos 1940
title “Where does the Indian begin and where does it end?”: Legal-Criminal Categories in Peru, 1920s-1940s, and two Bolivian Cases from the 1940s*
spellingShingle “Where does the Indian begin and where does it end?”: Legal-Criminal Categories in Peru, 1920s-1940s, and two Bolivian Cases from the 1940s*
David, Lior Ben
indigenismo
Indians
criminal law
Peru
Bolivia.
indigenismo
indios
ley criminal
Peru
Bolivia
indigenismo
índios
lei criminal
Peru
Bolívia
title_short “Where does the Indian begin and where does it end?”: Legal-Criminal Categories in Peru, 1920s-1940s, and two Bolivian Cases from the 1940s*
title_full “Where does the Indian begin and where does it end?”: Legal-Criminal Categories in Peru, 1920s-1940s, and two Bolivian Cases from the 1940s*
title_fullStr “Where does the Indian begin and where does it end?”: Legal-Criminal Categories in Peru, 1920s-1940s, and two Bolivian Cases from the 1940s*
title_full_unstemmed “Where does the Indian begin and where does it end?”: Legal-Criminal Categories in Peru, 1920s-1940s, and two Bolivian Cases from the 1940s*
title_sort “Where does the Indian begin and where does it end?”: Legal-Criminal Categories in Peru, 1920s-1940s, and two Bolivian Cases from the 1940s*
author David, Lior Ben
author_facet David, Lior Ben
author_role author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv David, Lior Ben
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv indigenismo
Indians
criminal law
Peru
Bolivia.
indigenismo
indios
ley criminal
Peru
Bolivia
indigenismo
índios
lei criminal
Peru
Bolívia
topic indigenismo
Indians
criminal law
Peru
Bolivia.
indigenismo
indios
ley criminal
Peru
Bolivia
indigenismo
índios
lei criminal
Peru
Bolívia
description How to treat the Indians? During the first half of the 20th century, with the rise of the indigenismo and under the influence of positivist ideas, this old colonial question reappeared in Latin America in the field of criminal law. A major part of the debate over the legal status of Indian criminals revolved around who exactly was the Indian that deserved or needed a special penal treatment. This question will be examined here mainly in the context of Peru, where the 1924 Penal Code introduced new legal categories of Indian criminals, and also in two Bolivian legislative proposals that sought to adapt the criminal law to “the Indian reality” of their country. The ways by which these criminal categories were interpreted by Peruvian courts and reformulated by various Peruvian and Bolivian legislative proposals, reshaped internal boundaries within these nations, and implicitly redefined the term “Indian” itself. In the Peruvian context, they also reflected the changes in the indigenismo during the 1920s-1940s.
publishDate 2017
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2017-03-23
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://revistaseletronicas.pucrs.br/index.php/iberoamericana/article/view/24278
10.15448/1980-864X.2017.1.24278
url https://revistaseletronicas.pucrs.br/index.php/iberoamericana/article/view/24278
identifier_str_mv 10.15448/1980-864X.2017.1.24278
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://revistaseletronicas.pucrs.br/index.php/iberoamericana/article/view/24278/15456
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Copyright (c) 2017 Lior Ben David
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Copyright (c) 2017 Lior Ben David
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Editora da PUCRS - ediPUCRS
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Editora da PUCRS - ediPUCRS
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Estudos Ibero-Americanos; Vol. 43 No. 1 (2017): Dossier - Actors and Trajectories of the Indigenous Field in Americas; 21-36
Estudos Ibero-Americanos; Vol. 43 Núm. 1 (2017): Dosier - Actores y Trayectorias del Campo Indigenista en las Américas; 21-36
Estudos Ibero-Americanos; v. 43 n. 1 (2017): Dossiê - Atores e Trajetórias do Campo Indigenista nas Américas; 21-36
1980-864X
0101-4064
10.15448/1980-864X.2017.1
reponame:Estudos Ibero-Americanos
instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)
instacron:PUC_RS
instname_str Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)
instacron_str PUC_RS
institution PUC_RS
reponame_str Estudos Ibero-Americanos
collection Estudos Ibero-Americanos
repository.name.fl_str_mv Estudos Ibero-Americanos - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv editora.periodicos@pucrs.br||eia@pucrs.br
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