A contestação de normas frente ao Regime Internacional de Direitos Humanos: uma análise crítica das práticas contestatórias de Donald Trump

• Autor(a) principal: Tomazella, Lucas Damasceno
• Data de Publicação: 2024
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SP
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.pucsp.br/jspui/handle/handle/41159
• topic: CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::CIENCIA POLITICA::POLITICA INTERNACIONAL; Regime Internacional de Direitos Humanos; Estados Unidos; Governo Donald Trump; Contestação de normas; International Human Rights Regime; United States; Donald Trump Administration; Norm contestation

The present study aims to construct a critical outlook on the stance taken by the former U.S. President Donald Trump (2017-2021) towards the International Human Rights Regime (IHRR), reflecting on his practices of contestation against the norms and institutions of this regime. Although contesting international norms is a legitimate practice among states and has been a prominent characteristic of U.S. administrations over the years in their relationship with the regime in question, we understand that those performed by Trump warrant special attention as he presents a considerably more aggressive and disruptive stance towards human rights compared to his predecessors, guided by a clear far-right ideology. However, before delving into Trump's policies and practices, we believe it is necessary to shed light on some of the structures of the regime, as well as to locate the position occupied by the United States within its context. Thus, we first turn to the bibliography of authors specialized in the American political scenario, as well as in the international human rights regime, in order to offer a historical-political panorama, albeit not exhaustive, of the process of structuring the regime and the intricate American insertion within it. Then, utilizing the theoretical lens of Constructivist International Relations, termed "norm contestation," we seek to create analytical foundations that allow us to examine Trump's stance more critically. Having established these historical-political bases and our theoretical framework, we subsequently empirically highlight some of the manifestations of the president's contestation in different topics related to human rights, primarily reflected in the boycott and withdrawal from norms and institutions that underpin the regime and give it meaning. Finally, we subject these practices to analysis through the chosen theoretical lens, aiming to highlight the main strategies, objectives, precedents, and possible effects of such actions carried out by the Trump administration towards the IHRR