As metamorfoses do ENEM: de avaliação coadjuvante para protagonista chave das políticas públicas de acesso à Educação Superior

• Autor(a) principal: Pacheco, João Alves
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SP
• Texto Completo: https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9735
• topic: Avaliação; ENEM; Ensino Superior; ProUni; Reuni; Evaluation; Higher Education; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::EDUCACAO::CURRICULO

The work took as its theme the National High School Exam - ENEM - the evaluation system for high school education achieving national coverage and implemented in Brazil in 1998. However, the main objective of this study was not to explore technical aspects of this evaluation instrument, but instead to understand reasons why evaluation of education acquired a prominent role in the late twentieth century in many countries, particularly in Brazil. In turn a Marxist framework was adopted, enabling through theoretical categories of historicity, a holistic view from the work. In this way, scope of the research was expanded to analysis of other political policies regarding access to higher education in the country, focusing foremost on young people from low income families. Thus, the research was not limited to investigating possible causes for the emergence of such policies, but also sought to evaluate its effectiveness in promoting the "democratization of access opportunities", as the ENEM has been presented in official advertising, often cited as a decisive mechanism. In order to understand the relationship between the political, economic and social context from which these policies emerge, a historical digression was performed regarding the historical development of the capitalist mode of production. Thus it is possible to establish the macro context in which these changes occurred, as well as their impact on the world of work and education. To permit transition between this broader scenario and education, a specific theoretical framework was adopted, through which it is possible to move from the macro context established in the early stages, to school education. In sequence a brief historical overview of educational expansion in Brazil was carried out, focusing mainly on the post-1960s as well as characteristics of national Higher Education and changes occurring to the same in the second half of the 20th century and early 21st century. The present research goes on to deliberate access to higher education in the period 2003 - 2010, with a discussion of programs implemented for this purpose during the government of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, addressing more specifically the University for All Program (ProUni) and Support Program for the Restructuring and Expansion of Federal Universities (ReUni). This stage was complemented with studies that investigated the major systems of evaluation and characterization of the Brazilian State Appraiser, closing with a discussion of the roles assigned to ENEM in the democratization of higher education in Brazil. In the final step, influence of ENEM on the selection processes at the Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP was addressed, using as a base documentary and empirical research conducted at the same for the purpose of answering questions that motivated the present research. At the end of the work a summary of the discussions and final considerations of the researcher are presented