Como a economia comportamental explica as decisões de consumo e poupança dos indivíduos: um estudo de caso

• Autor(a) principal: Carvalho, Rebeca Junqueira Camillo de
• Data de Publicação: 2021
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SP
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.pucsp.br/jspui/handle/handle/24089
• topic: CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA; Economia comportamental; Economia - Aspectos psicológicos; Investimentos - Aspectos psicológicos; Consumo (Economia); Behavioral economics; Economics - Psychological aspects; Investments - Psychological aspects; Consumption (Economics)

Behavioral economics increases the explanatory power of economics, by including psychological foundations and, therefore, proposing a more realistic view of society and the economy. Through a refined bibliographic analysis and an empirical case study, this project discusses how the decision-making process of consumption and individual savings happens from the perspective of behavioral economics. We found that in behavioral economics, people make their decisions based on personal experiences and habits and not just on rational factors, which would seek optimal solutions. Thus, in addition to providing powerful tools to better understand consumers, it goes further, by investigating factors such as well-being, influence of others, reciprocity, among others. Saving, investing and consuming are difficult and very laborious tasks and, therefore, understanding how humans behave when dealing with money and, at the same time, studying investments, ways of saving and consuming are the best ways to try to protect themselves from behavioral traps of our brain and, with that, obtain better results. Through field research developed by a questionnaire with people between 20 and 40 years old and at least complete graduation, we identified that this group, when making consumption and savings decisions, are not rational and make many controversial decisions, moreover, they do not maximize their usefulness and do not make optimal long-term decisions, even when they consciously know what the optimal decisions are, opting for decisions that satisfy them only in the short term. Thus, there is no reason why, when studying economics, to treat these individuals as totally rational individuals, by incorporating behavioral analysis in the economy, we allow ourselves to better understand these human decisions and thus bring a more realistic view of the economy and society