Sujeito e decisão na sociedade de dados
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2017 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SP |
Texto Completo: | https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20603 |
Resumo: | The investigation of the problems of the subject and of the decision making in the present society guided this research. The systemic method was chosen for this study, specifically the systemic constructionism. The researched subject can not be considered out of his time. Therefore, a model of history founded on the human capacity for creation, the poetic, and on a spiral vision of recurrence of things was approached. It was assumed that in the current time the world is going through a technological revolution. The industrial society, based on the production of material goods, changes to a data society, founded on information flow, control, and automation. Massive amounts of data are produced daily, generating big data, and technologies capable of decision-making - artificial intelligences (AI), created for task automation, are also developed. They have been used to make decisions in the place of human beings or to provide relevant information to decision making. The meaning of artificiality was questioned. It was observed that artificial is all that is created by the human being, as opposed to what is natural. In this sense, the contemporary world is more artificial than natural, considering it was largely created by human ingenuity. The subject was modeled as a simple behavioral system, the apparent complexity of its behavior is determined by the complexity of the external environment in which it is found. It is a minimal model of characteristics of the subject’s internal environment, which limit the process of adaptation to the external environment. In addition to these minimal features, everything else is artificial - created by the human. The subject was treated as a semantic-pragmatic atmosphere, a symbolic system that accumulates meanings about the world and acts according to them. Intrinsic differences between humans and machines, such as the boundaries between emotion and reason, still prevent a total mimicking of the functions of the former by the latter. In spite of the impossibility of complete mimicry, artificial intelligences can be useful tools for human decision-making, providing unseen or unimagined patterns and correlations. However, risks such as depersonalization and objectification of the human being may arise from this use. Regarding human decision-making, a model based on game theory was investigated, demonstrating that, in the field of law, every legal decision is also political, and that there is no right or true decision, just the possible one for the case. As for the machine’s decision, it was investigated modes of decision-making and consequences of AI and big data technologies. It was verified that current technologies use empirical techniques, mainly the inductive method, speaking the language of probability. The predictive potential of AI and big data technologies, including the possibility of recognition of patterns in large data sets, is shown as a possible legal tool. It does not consist in the complete automation of decision, in a substitution of the human, but in a combination of human and machine. Such technologies can not be expected to solve old problems inherent to the application of law. It is just a new way to work, which can generate as many problems as other ways, or even more. It is necessary to know the operation and structure of AI and big data technologies in order for them to effectively assist in human decision making. Ignorance in this matter may lead to the opposite effect |
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Pugliesi, Márciohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4420072H6Brandão, André Martins2017-11-14T12:18:25Z2017-11-08Brandão, André Martins. Sujeito e decisão na sociedade de dados. 2017. 249 f. Tese (Doutorado em Direito) - Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Direito, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2017.https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20603The investigation of the problems of the subject and of the decision making in the present society guided this research. The systemic method was chosen for this study, specifically the systemic constructionism. The researched subject can not be considered out of his time. Therefore, a model of history founded on the human capacity for creation, the poetic, and on a spiral vision of recurrence of things was approached. It was assumed that in the current time the world is going through a technological revolution. The industrial society, based on the production of material goods, changes to a data society, founded on information flow, control, and automation. Massive amounts of data are produced daily, generating big data, and technologies capable of decision-making - artificial intelligences (AI), created for task automation, are also developed. They have been used to make decisions in the place of human beings or to provide relevant information to decision making. The meaning of artificiality was questioned. It was observed that artificial is all that is created by the human being, as opposed to what is natural. In this sense, the contemporary world is more artificial than natural, considering it was largely created by human ingenuity. The subject was modeled as a simple behavioral system, the apparent complexity of its behavior is determined by the complexity of the external environment in which it is found. It is a minimal model of characteristics of the subject’s internal environment, which limit the process of adaptation to the external environment. In addition to these minimal features, everything else is artificial - created by the human. The subject was treated as a semantic-pragmatic atmosphere, a symbolic system that accumulates meanings about the world and acts according to them. Intrinsic differences between humans and machines, such as the boundaries between emotion and reason, still prevent a total mimicking of the functions of the former by the latter. In spite of the impossibility of complete mimicry, artificial intelligences can be useful tools for human decision-making, providing unseen or unimagined patterns and correlations. However, risks such as depersonalization and objectification of the human being may arise from this use. Regarding human decision-making, a model based on game theory was investigated, demonstrating that, in the field of law, every legal decision is also political, and that there is no right or true decision, just the possible one for the case. As for the machine’s decision, it was investigated modes of decision-making and consequences of AI and big data technologies. It was verified that current technologies use empirical techniques, mainly the inductive method, speaking the language of probability. The predictive potential of AI and big data technologies, including the possibility of recognition of patterns in large data sets, is shown as a possible legal tool. It does not consist in the complete automation of decision, in a substitution of the human, but in a combination of human and machine. Such technologies can not be expected to solve old problems inherent to the application of law. It is just a new way to work, which can generate as many problems as other ways, or even more. It is necessary to know the operation and structure of AI and big data technologies in order for them to effectively assist in human decision making. Ignorance in this matter may lead to the opposite effectA investigação da problemática do sujeito e da tomada de decisão na presente sociedade guiou esta pesquisa. O método sistêmico foi escolhido como condutor deste estudo, especificamente o construcionismo sistêmico. O sujeito pesquisado não pode ser considerado alheio de seu tempo. Por isso, abordou-se um modelo de história fundado na capacidade humana de criação, a poética, e em uma visão espiralar de recorrência das coisas. Partiu-se do pressuposto que no corrente tempo atravessa-se uma revolução tecnológica. A sociedade industrial, pautada na produção de bens materiais, cede lugar a uma sociedade de dados, fundada no fluxo de informação, no controle, e na automação. São produzidas massivas quantidades de dados diariamente, gerando big data, e desenvolvidas tecnologias capazes de tomar decisões – inteligências artificiais (IA), criadas para automatização de tarefas. Elas têm sido utilizadas para tomar decisões no lugar de seres humanos ou para oferecer informações relevantes para a tomada de decisão. Questionou-se o sentido de artificialidade. Observou-se que artificial é tudo aquilo criado pelo ser humano, em oposição ao natural. Nessa acepção, o mundo contemporâneo é mais artificial do que natural, pois criado, em grande parte, pela engenhosidade humana. O sujeito foi modelizado como um sistema comportamental simples, sendo a aparente complexidade do seu comportamento determinada pela complexidade do ambiente externo no qual é encontrado. Trata-se de um modelo minimal de características do ambiente interno do sujeito, que limitam o processo de adaptação ao ambiente externo. Além dessas características mínimas, todo o resto é artificial – criado pelo humano. O sujeito foi tratado como uma atmosfera semântico-pragmática, um sistema simbólico que acumula sentidos sobre o mundo e age de acordo com eles. Diferenças intrínsecas entre humanos e máquinas, como os limites entre emoção e razão, ainda impedem uma total mimetização das funções dos primeiros pelas últimas. Apesar da impossibilidade de completa mimetização, inteligências artificiais podem ser ferramentas úteis na tomada humana de decisão, fornecendo padrões e correlações não enxergados ou imaginados. Contudo, riscos como a despersonalização e objetificação do ser humano podem surgir de tal uso. Quanto à tomada de decisão humana, investigou-se um modelo fundado em teoria de jogos, demonstrando que, no campo do direito, toda decisão jurídica é também política, e que não há uma decisão correta ou verdadeira, apenas a possível para o caso. Quanto à decisão de máquinas, investigou-se modos de decisão e consequências de tecnologias de IA e big data. Verificou-se que tecnologias correntes partem de técnicas empíricas, principalmente do método indutivo, falando a linguagem da probabilidade. O potencial preditivo das tecnologias de IA e big data, a partir do reconhecimento de padrões em largos conjuntos de dados, mostra-se como possível ferramenta jurídica. Não se trata de uma automação completa da decisão, de uma substituição do humano, porém de uma combinação de humano e máquina. Não se pode esperar que tais tecnologias venham solver velhos problemas inerentes à aplicação do direito. Trata-se apenas de uma nova forma de trabalhar, que pode gerar tantos problemas quanto outras, ou até mais. É necessário o conhecimento do funcionamento e estrutura das tecnologias de IA e big data para que elas efetivamente auxiliem na tomada de decisão humana. 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dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Sujeito e decisão na sociedade de dados |
title |
Sujeito e decisão na sociedade de dados |
spellingShingle |
Sujeito e decisão na sociedade de dados Brandão, André Martins Sujeito Decisão Sociedade de dados Inteligência artificial Subject Decision Data society Artificial intelligence CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DIREITO |
title_short |
Sujeito e decisão na sociedade de dados |
title_full |
Sujeito e decisão na sociedade de dados |
title_fullStr |
Sujeito e decisão na sociedade de dados |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sujeito e decisão na sociedade de dados |
title_sort |
Sujeito e decisão na sociedade de dados |
author |
Brandão, André Martins |
author_facet |
Brandão, André Martins |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Pugliesi, Márcio |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4420072H6 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Brandão, André Martins |
contributor_str_mv |
Pugliesi, Márcio |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Sujeito Decisão Sociedade de dados Inteligência artificial |
topic |
Sujeito Decisão Sociedade de dados Inteligência artificial Subject Decision Data society Artificial intelligence CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DIREITO |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Subject Decision Data society Artificial intelligence |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DIREITO |
description |
The investigation of the problems of the subject and of the decision making in the present society guided this research. The systemic method was chosen for this study, specifically the systemic constructionism. The researched subject can not be considered out of his time. Therefore, a model of history founded on the human capacity for creation, the poetic, and on a spiral vision of recurrence of things was approached. It was assumed that in the current time the world is going through a technological revolution. The industrial society, based on the production of material goods, changes to a data society, founded on information flow, control, and automation. Massive amounts of data are produced daily, generating big data, and technologies capable of decision-making - artificial intelligences (AI), created for task automation, are also developed. They have been used to make decisions in the place of human beings or to provide relevant information to decision making. The meaning of artificiality was questioned. It was observed that artificial is all that is created by the human being, as opposed to what is natural. In this sense, the contemporary world is more artificial than natural, considering it was largely created by human ingenuity. The subject was modeled as a simple behavioral system, the apparent complexity of its behavior is determined by the complexity of the external environment in which it is found. It is a minimal model of characteristics of the subject’s internal environment, which limit the process of adaptation to the external environment. In addition to these minimal features, everything else is artificial - created by the human. The subject was treated as a semantic-pragmatic atmosphere, a symbolic system that accumulates meanings about the world and acts according to them. Intrinsic differences between humans and machines, such as the boundaries between emotion and reason, still prevent a total mimicking of the functions of the former by the latter. In spite of the impossibility of complete mimicry, artificial intelligences can be useful tools for human decision-making, providing unseen or unimagined patterns and correlations. However, risks such as depersonalization and objectification of the human being may arise from this use. Regarding human decision-making, a model based on game theory was investigated, demonstrating that, in the field of law, every legal decision is also political, and that there is no right or true decision, just the possible one for the case. As for the machine’s decision, it was investigated modes of decision-making and consequences of AI and big data technologies. It was verified that current technologies use empirical techniques, mainly the inductive method, speaking the language of probability. The predictive potential of AI and big data technologies, including the possibility of recognition of patterns in large data sets, is shown as a possible legal tool. It does not consist in the complete automation of decision, in a substitution of the human, but in a combination of human and machine. Such technologies can not be expected to solve old problems inherent to the application of law. It is just a new way to work, which can generate as many problems as other ways, or even more. It is necessary to know the operation and structure of AI and big data technologies in order for them to effectively assist in human decision making. Ignorance in this matter may lead to the opposite effect |
publishDate |
2017 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2017-11-14T12:18:25Z |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2017-11-08 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
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doctoralThesis |
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publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
Brandão, André Martins. Sujeito e decisão na sociedade de dados. 2017. 249 f. Tese (Doutorado em Direito) - Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Direito, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2017. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20603 |
identifier_str_mv |
Brandão, André Martins. Sujeito e decisão na sociedade de dados. 2017. 249 f. Tese (Doutorado em Direito) - Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Direito, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2017. |
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Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo |
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Brasil |
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Faculdade de Direito |
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Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo |
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