O embate entre militares nacionalistas e liberais no exército brasileiro no período de 1945 a 1954

• Autor(a) principal: Alcantara Filho, José Almir Sansão de
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SP
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.pucsp.br/jspui/handle/handle/23975
• topic: CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS; Brasil. Exército; Brasil - Politica e governo - 1945-1954; Militares; Brazil. Army; Brazil - Politics and government - 1945-1954; Military

Before the 1st World War, the Russian Revolution and the 1929’s Crisis prevailed in the Occident the liberal ideology regarding the international political economy. These historical processes weakened the ruling beliefs, what led several countries to search for alternatives. Social sectors that were not included in the order, as yet in practice, took the lead for policies with a national-expansionist character. In Brazil, the 1030s Revolution and its evolution to the New-State (1937-1945) illustrate that trend, in which the State, under the conduction of Getúlio Vargas, was assuming the central role as planner, organizer and executor in the economy (BASTOS, 2012). Important is to highlight that the Brazilian Army was the major political force supporting that current regime. After that, the fall of the New State brings a period of strong political mobilization in which two groups in the Army intensely faced each other: one national-expansionist, close to Getúlio Vargas, and another one, the economic-liberal, opposed to him. This work study the period of 1945 to 1954, which has as marks, respectively, the President Getúlio Vargas’ deposition and suicide. It proposes to evaluate hypothesis regarding the liberal military motivations, considering that their doctrine, at first, poses in contradiction with the autonomy project supposedly pursued by the State and, by extension, its military apparatus. The problem was analysed based on the explanatory chart of concepts as: imperialism (HOBSON, 1904), dependency (GUIMARÃES, 2006), State (POULANTZAS, 1977), nationalism (ALMEIDA, 2014) and military thinking (HUNTINGTON, 1986). The methods used are the hypothetical-deductive, the historical and the monographic (PRODANOV; FREITAS, 2013) which were applied to a specific discussion theme: the politics related to petrol and Petrobras. This is a central question that divided “nationalists” and “liberals”, with implications on the political-estrategic-military plan