Prevalência e impacto da asma em escolares de uma zona urbana industrializada da serra gaúcha

• Autor(a) principal: Zacaron, Daniel
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS
• Texto Completo: http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/8397
• topic: Asma; Prevalência; Espirometria; Qualidade de Vida; Exercício; Desempenho Acadêmico; Asthma; Prevalence; Spirometry; Quality of Life; Exercise; Academic Performance; CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::MEDICINA

Introduction: Asthma is a chronic disease with a high prevalence during childhood. The isolated analysis of their morbidity and mortality tends to underestimate the impact of the disease on the quality of life of children and adolescents. Asthma often affects school performance, daily life activities, personal relationships, and quality of life without necessarily requiring hospital admissions or severe outcomes. Objective: To analyze the prevalence and impact of asthma in children and adolescents in an industrialized urban area of Serra Gaúcha. Methods: Cross-sectional observational and case-control study with children and adolescents between 7 and 15 years old, from public schools in Caxias do Sul, RS. The study is composed of two phases: Phase I analyzed the prevalence of asthma in the delimited population investigating 2307 schoolchildren; in Phase II quality of life questionnaires, asthma control and classification (for the asthmatic group), physical activity and school performance were applied to 266 asthmatics and 288 controls. Pulmonary function tests and anthropometric measures were also performed. Results: The estimated prevalence of asthma was 16.1%. In the comparison between asthmatics and nonasthmatics, differences in age (p=0.041), premature birth (p<0.001) and diagnosis of another chronic disease at birth (p<0.001) were found. Regarding pulmonary function, significant differences were found in the values between groups in FEV1, FEV1/FVC and forced expiratory flow in the 25 and 75% moments (FEF25-75%). Among asthmatics, 133 (50.8%) did not have the disease controlled. In the anthropometric variables, significant differences were observed in the waist-to-height ratio (p=0.009) and in the perception of health (p<0.001). Quality of life is lower in asthmatics in the physical well-being domain (p=0.001) and in the total score (p=0.016). The total school performance score did not present a statistically significant difference between the study groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of asthma is similar to that of other industrialized urban centers and may negatively affect some areas of the development of schoolchildren. Keywords: asthma; prevalence; spirometry; quality of life; exercise, academic performance