Avalia??o da marcha durante a realiza??o de atividades simult?neas em pacientes com Doen?a de Parkinson

• Autor(a) principal: Wild, Lucia Bartmann
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS
• Texto Completo: http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/2661
• topic: MEDICINA; DOEN?A DE PARKINSON; DOEN?AS DO SISTEMA NERVOSO; ATIVIDADES COTIDIANAS; TRANSTORNOS MOTORES; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::MEDICINA

INTRODUCTION: The gait s changes are characteristic of Parkinson's disease (PD) and one of the most disabling aspects of this pathology. To overcome the deficits of the basal ganglia, responsible for the automatic components of the gait, patients with PD recruit intentional resources in an attempt to generate a near normal gait; however, shifts in attention are also part of the clinical aspects of this disease. Thus, patients with PD may have difficulty in achieving a number of different activities such as walking and talking, presenting an increased risk of falls when trying to perform them with a profound negative impact on quality of life and well being of the patient. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of concurrent activities (walking with cognitive activities) on the parameters of gait in patients with Parkinson's disease. METHODS: The study included 18 healthy people and 18 PD patients over 50 years on the stage on of the antiparkinsonian medication, with disease duration between 3 and 15 years and early parkinsonian symptoms over 40 years. The patients included fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of probable idiopathic Parkinson's disease based on clinical assessment and response to levodopa and dopamine agonists. Exclusion criteria included: use of psychotropic medications, except for antidepressants, psychiatric or neurological disorder other than PD; prior neurosurgery, sensory deficits and/or engines incompatible with the proposed activities; Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score indicative of dementia, scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) consistent with depression and score on the Hoehn and Yahr greater than 2.5. Exclusion criteria for the standardization of the intervention group were the same as for patients with PD, except in relation to psychiatric disorders, neurological and gait, which were absent. To assess executive function, attention and mental flexibility was used for Wisconsin Card Test (64 cards, computerized version) and Stroop Test. The motor manifestations of PD patients were evaluated by the Unified Rating Scale for Parkinson s disease (UPDRS) Part III. The gait assessment was conducted in a corridor with the following tasks: baseline gait, gait with text comprehension, gait with phoneme counting and gait with arithmetic task. To perform data collection, use the kinemetry with a camera positioned laterally to the individual. One cycle of stride was evaluated by an analysis two-dimensional (2D) from the digitization of images in the software Dvideow (6.3) and for processing the data used to create a routine in the program Labview (8.5). The parameters analyzed were the average support time, stride length, stride frequency, swing time, speed, double support time and relative stance time. The demographic, clinical and neuropsychological patients characteristics were analyzed by Student s-t test and chi-square test. To compare the gait parameters between patients with Parkinson's disease and controls, we used the Student s-t test for independent samples. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), which included 1 between-participants variable (group: healthy older adults and PD patients) and 1 within-participants variable (different walking conditions) was used to analyze gait parameters. Between group differences were checked with independent samples t tests and multiple comparisons among group mean differences were checked with dependent samples t tests (confidence interval adjustments with Bonferroni corrections). Data were expressed as mean ? standard error and p values <0.05 were used as indicative of statistical significance. RESULTS: The patients with PD completed less categories obtained more errors and less correct answers on Wisconsin Card Test. On the Stroop Test, apart from not happening significative differences between the groups on Stroop words and on Stroop color, the PD group shown a worse significantly demanding than the controls group on Stroop Word-colors demonstrating a shorter and attention and shorter mental flexibility on PD patients. The patients with DP shown greater relative stance time and shorter stride length and gait speed than in individuals controls at all gait situations. The gait with arithmetic task changed significantly the parameters of healthy control subjects (increment of average support time and relative, average swing time and double support time and diminish speed, stride length and frequency) and PD patients (increment of average support time, relative stance time and double support time and diminish frequency, speed and stride length). CONCLUSION: The patients with Parkinson Disease have already gone with a baseline gate with increment stability strategy, while the controls searched this strategy to stability when they associate gait with cognitive task. Overall the results indicate that, despite the patients had gait compatible with your pathology, the default settings of the gait during simultaneous activities is similar to that of healthy individuals suggesting that patients with Parkinson's disease (in the early stages of the disease and period on of medication) showed adaptive responses to prevent falls and injuries.