Discurso, saber e verdade na arqueologia de Michel Foucault

• Autor(a) principal: Souza, Sérgio Ricardo Antunes de
• Data de Publicação: 2023
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS
• Texto Completo: https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/10703
• topic: Arqueologia; Discurso; História; Método; Saber; Verdade; Archaeology; Discourse; History; Method; Knowledge; Truth; CIENCIAS HUMANAS::FILOSOFIA

In France, throughout the 1960s, the philosopher Michel Foucault (1926- 1984) presents and proposes a new method of historical analysis, which he calls archaeology. His alternative seeks to distance itself from historical epistemology while delimiting the regionality of its exploration: the territory of positivities in which discourses emerge. Foucault's archaeology emerges as a strong critical counterposition to the type of analysis carried out by traditional history, differing from it by exploring the concept of discontinuity, rather than ignoring it, and by rejecting the idea of linearity or continuism in history. In this context, the problem that mobilizes our work aims to answer: What is the status of truth in Foucault's archaeology? For bibliographical delimitation purposes, we make a cut that covers the works commonly grouped in the archaeological period, more specifically, in the phase in which Foucault writes Madness and Civilization, The Birth of the Clinic, The Order of Things, and The Archaeology of Knowledge. With this methodological strategy, we delineate the limits of our research, without neglecting other texts by Foucault, especially those that record the famous lectures he gave at the Collège de France. These are the primary sources we use to show that Foucault uses his archaeology as a powerful instrument of critical analysis, especially when he describes the discourses that form and transform under the grid of an underlying knowledge, the epistémê, or when he explores the relationship between modes of subjectification, knowledge, power, and truth. Through this lens, in the context of the Renaissance, the classical age, and modernity, we analyze the relationship of some of these knowledges with certain historically situated events and their implications to produce truth. Truth and knowledges do not arise as the result of the intervention of a reason that moves consciously towards progress within the history that it itself constitutes, but rather as the effect of contingencies (involving disputes and strategies) that never cease to influence and modify the epistemological field of each epoch and fundamentally the mode of being of the subject itself that is constituted in it. This is the hypothesis we intend to demonstrate. To do so, we define, as a general objective, to describe discourse, knowledge, and truth in Foucault based on his archaeological method. In addition, as specific objectives, we aim to (a) analyze the structure of Foucault's discourse; (b) define Foucault's archaeological method; and finally, (c) describe knowledge in Foucault and its relationship with truth. We hope, in the end, to be able to identify and define truth in Foucault's discourse, as well as to highlight the urgency of understanding the philosopher's archaeology, since his thinking presents itself as a viable alternative for a critical understanding of our present.