Futuro e filosofia da história : a atuação do indivíduo ético em G. W. F. Hegel

• Autor(a) principal: Bisinella, Ulisses
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS
• Texto Completo: http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/9517
• topic: Indivíduo Ético; Filosofia da História; Tempo; Futuro; Eticidade; CIENCIAS HUMANAS::FILOSOFIA

This work deals with the possibilities of the Ethical Individual's performance in future historical development, based on the Philosophy of History by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (17701831). Because the future is a topic that, strictly speaking, is not much discussed throughout the History of Philosophy, in general, supported by the idea that nothing can be said about it that has scientific validity, or that can be proven by facts, a reflection on the theme is proposed. Thus, the research problem seeks to elucidate: what are the possibilities for the Ethical Individual to act in future historical development based on Hegel's Philosophy of History? Therefore, the objective of the thesis is to identify these possibilities of action of the Ethical Individual, considering the requirements for such action. The objective expresses the concern regarding the individual's behavior in the construction of an ethical self-awareness, so that he has clarity of his performance in the present, the consequences in the future of history and consequent accountability. For this, three research assumptions were presented: the first, consists of the idea that there is a notion of the future expressed implicitly in the text of Philosophy of History, when Hegel refers to America as the 'Land of the Future'; the second is the clarity that in the dialectical method there is a contingency, that this is presented together with the need, which makes possible the existence of the new always renewed; and, the third, is the ethical duty of thinking about the future, from acting in the present in the condition of possibility of unfolding. Thus, the study of the thesis is justified, since the Philosophy of History cannot be read as a work that presents a definitive synthesis of History in time, but as a guide for the explanation of the processes of historical change. Thus, it is necessary that Ethical Individuals, of the rational self-awareness proposed in the Phenomenology of Spirit, can evaluate the History of the present in view of the future. The text presents, initially in the first Chapter, previous and current studies on the theme of the future, in addition to explaining the Hegelian dialectical method. After this initial aspect, in the second Chapter, the question of temporality is exposed in logic, in nature and in the Spirit, the latter being the space of historical time for the performance of the Ethical Individual. The study on the Philosophy of History and its criteria for rational analysis of History, from the perspective of freedom, is presented below, in the third Chapter. In this same topic, the importance of rational diagnosis as tools for reflection on time is discussed. The question of contingency and its relation to the need in history is another theme addressed in this Chapter, just as the problem of chance is presented, based on Hegel's reading of the difference between purpose and intention in individuals. The last and fourth Chapter of the work presents Erinnerung as a methodological procedure, the intention of which is to establish a relationship or articulation of the subjective Spirit with the objective Spirit as a remembrance of knowledge, which is shown in Ethics as a space for the realization of the Individual's possibilities of action Ethical. The syllogism of Universality, Particularity and Singularity (UPS) shows the relationship between singular and universal claims in the action of the Ethical Individual. Finally, Philosophy is presented as a critical attitude to enable articulation with the UPS syllogism.