O mundo dos implícitos no debate político-jurídico da eleição presidencial norte-americana de 2000 através do discurso jornalístico : uma abordagem pragmático-lógico-cognitiva da inferência na interface com a comunicação

• Autor(a) principal: Sartori, Roberta
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS
• Texto Completo: http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/5958
• topic: LINGUÍSTICA; ANÁLISE DO DISCURSO POLÍTICO; JORNALISMO - DISCURSOS; INFERÊNCIA; LETRAS::LINGUA PORTUGUESA

Concerning the breakthroughs science has experienced, using Kuhn‟s (1962), Poeppel‟s (2004) and Giere‟s (2006) work, Costa (2007b) launches the Metatheory of Interfaces and suggests a new approach to Linguistics and meaning. Linguistics thus is no longer seen as a preexisting discipline, but now is considered as Language Sciences, i. e., it is now regarded as a result of external and internal interface construction. All the same approach is given to natural language meaning when it comes to research, for it is no longer an observable object in and from the world, but now it is understood as a complex object built through the establishment of these interfaces. Regarding the complex objects and interfaces conception, backed by the Metatheory of Interfaces, in order to study meaning from an inferential point of view, we suggest the development of a model which has in the articulation of inferential theories the capacity of investigating such a complex object in a more interesting way regarding both the descriptive and explanatory perspectives. To do so, concerning the Perspectivism position and the cross-fertilization notion, the Conversational Implicature Theory (GRICE, 1975), the Conversational Implicature Theory – Enlarged Model (COSTA, 1984), the Relevance Theory (SPERBER; WILSON, 1986, 1995), the Generalized Implicature Theory (LEVINSON, 2000), the Non-Trivial Connectivity Theory (COSTA, 2002, unpublished, 2005a) and the Dialog Theory (COSTA, 2013) were brought together to form an articulated model. Therefore, it was possible, from the devise of interfaces, specially, using the Non-Trivial Connectivity Theory and the Relevance Theory, to strengthen the theoretical foundations which explain why we use language not only to acquire information and to improve our world representation in a more efficient way for less effort, but by assuming that man uses language because he is genetically programmed to connection, and natural language is one of the various forms through which man can obtain it, in, however, a non-mechanical, non-redundant, but creative and informative way. The interfaces also allowed to verify that, through inferential processing, due to logic traits, we can not only monitor the way we reason, but also our world knowledge as a whole. Besides, because of the questioning of notions such as benefit and cost, it was possible to verify the of considering that aesthetic and emotional aspect – in this case, especially regarding McLuhan‟s (1969) maxim „the medium is the message‟ – started to explain what we understand as meaning. So it is not only based on rational and informative aspects. Finally, it was also possible to verify that these new interfaces allowed us to identify inferences of different natures, such as linguistic and logic, known as multiform inferences, and identify elements of different natures, such as aesthetic, emotional, etc., dabbling and interacting in conversational exchanges regarding the most different communicative situations concerning the production of rich and various types of meaning effects, to the point of online reorienting interlocutors intentions. All these aspects were investigated using journalistic, political and legal discourses, whose concrete social existence makes them a perfect locus for the generating of the phenomena we are interested in and whose natures make them exploit the many resources that the use of the natural language gives rise to. Such discoursed can all be seen together in one event, the 2000 American presidential election, whose debate between Democrats and Republicans also is an ideal place to test the model we are building and to identify the fascinating meaning effects that intentions, moved by reason and emotions, regarding different kinds of benefits, even being the sort of low cost, can produce through the perfect interaction between what is said and what is implicated mediated by communicative-cognitive-linguistic-logic inferences.